韩寒作品文体学分析以及讽刺运用分析

An Traits And Style Analysis of Han Han’s Works And The Usage Of Rhetoric In His
Works
Submitted by Shi Qiuchang
Student ID number: 311201116
韩寒是当代中国最有名气的作家也是“80后”作家中的领军人物。

自2000年出版其第一部作品《三重门》涉足文坛以来至今已有十年，期间成绩斐然。

他因作品中批判现实主义和针对社会的犀利言辞声名鹊起。

韩寒敢于揭露社会阴暗。

或直接或间接的，韩寒在其作品中通过运用多种修辞如暗喻、夸张、引用和反语等来进行批判。

他在作品中掺杂着冷幽默并表明自己的立场。

这些写作特征在其小说和杂文中比比皆是。

本文的目的在于分析韩寒杂文和小说的写作风格特点以及其如何在运用修辞手法的基础上进行批判的。

关键词：韩寒；特征和风格分析；修辞；批判和讽刺。

Han Han is one of the most famous also the leading writer of the “after 8os”writers in China. Han Han mounted the literature area with his first published novel “The Triple Gate” in 2000. He has got a great achievement in the last decade. He‟s outstanding for his criticism and the sharp words against society in his works. He dares to write down the shadows of society. Directly and indirectly, Han Han criticizes the society with many kinds of rhetoric such as metaphor, exaggeration, quotation and irony. He mingles humor in his works and to shows his position by criticizing the dark side. The features can show up in his novel and essays.
This paper aims to analyze the traits and style of his works including essays and novel. And will analyze how he does criticism or irony by using the rhetoric.
Key words: Han Han; traits and style analysis; rhetoric；criticism and irony.
Contents
Acknowledgements...................................................................... . (I)
摘要 (II)
Abstract......................................... ....................................................... . (III)
1.Introduction (1)
2.Writing style (1)
2.1 Language style (1)
2.2 logic turning methods (4)
3.Features of sentence structure and words usage (4)
3.1 features of sentence structure (4)
3.2 features of words (5)
4.The usage of rhetoric in his works (6)
4.1 Usage of simile (6)
4.2Usage of personification (8)
4.3 Usage of metonymy (8)
5.Implied meaning of sentences (9)
6.Conclusion (10)
Bibliography (11)
An Traits And Style Analysis of Han Han’s Works And The Usage Of Rhetoric In
His Works
1.Introduction
I had read several books of Han Han for both essays and novel. Actually, I am not only one of his readers, but one of his fans in some ways. As a writer who dares to speak evils out loudly, Han Han keeps his eyes on what happen every day. Others call him one of the so-called “the public intellectual” but he denies it. Han has a habit of writing blog. Those articles, as they always are, easy and short but sharp and powerful. Except to the articles or essays, Han Han had written seven different topic novels. In these novels he had criticized the bad side of Chinese educational system, the darkness of society, some officials‟ wrong usage of power, people‟s hardness of their lives, ect.
Han Han has set up a unique literature style of his own. Totally, this unique style can be generalized in these words---straightforward, frank, ironic and humorous( more often is cold humor). He has a way with ironic words and always goes straight to the heart of the matter. Because of these, Han Han wins his fame also gets rumors.
2.Writing style
2.1 Language style
If you had ever read one of Han Han‟s books you would find his writing style is
different from other writers. His would be more straightforward, sharp, and provocative. He is careful to deliver his barbs through sarcasm and humorous anecdotes that obliquely take on corruption, censorship and injustice.
Take this paragraph as an example.
“数理化语文英语全很好，音乐体育计算机都零分，连开机都不会，我还是一个优等生。

但如果我音乐体育计算机好得让人发指，葡萄牙语说得跟母语似的，但是数学英语和化学全不及格，我也是个差生.”(You can be called as an excellent student as long as you are good at Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Chinese and English. Knowing nothing about music, sport or operating a computer is ok. But you will not be called as an good student if you cannot pass your Math or English or Chemistry exam even if you can speak Portuguese as fluent as a native speaker or even if your computer skills are brilliant).
In this paragraph, Han satirizes society-wild opinion on excellent student and influences on people by drawbacks of Chinese educational system.
Irony shows up in his novels too. The following paragraph excerpts from the novel 1988---I want to talk to this world.
“醒来的时候我已经在审讯室。

我的左侧脸颊挨了一脚，位置靠近太阳穴......我伸手抹去，发现是血迹，血迹怎么能从我的眼角流出？我要了一张餐巾纸。

坐在我对面的是一个总在冷笑的人......我说，有没有什么办法不劳教。

他说，办法只有一个，就是你签署一个合同，说你身体一切正常，以后如果出任何问题，和我们这次行动都无关。

要不然就是劳教半年，但你如果出了任何问题，和我们这次行动也无关。

签吧。

这个是合算你了，你利用了我们执法中的漏洞。

以后就没有这么幸运了。

”
In that mission the police hurt the actor which was not allowed. But then the police made it a bargaining chip for the actor and the prostitute would be in jail if he did not sign the document. The narration here disclosed the ugliness in the police. A strong irony formed.
Another prominent feature is the cold humor of his works. Cold humor is a king of humor that the intention of humor is not so clear. It is similar with black humor but different from it. Qian zhongshu, was the so-called “the mount of Chinese literature”was a good usager of cold humor. Han Han is so influenced by Qian and also imitated Qian‟s writing style. So let take a look at the cold humor in the novel----1988, I want to talk to this world.
“气氛终于平静了下来，我又听到哎呀一声，周围取证的人们一阵骚动，结果发现是摄影师在叫唤。

摄影师尴尬地看着大家，说，不好意思，刚才光顾着举过顶拍摄内容了，镜头盖没有开，只录到了声音，你们看行吗？
一个男子到他身边面露不悦，低声说了几句，转而对我说道，刚才我们这里取证发生了一点问题，现在我们要重新进来一次，你就保持这个姿势不要动，手里东西呢，你刚才手里东西呢？喏，在这里，保持这个姿势不要动。

”
This is the scene the male tittle role of the book was caught in a motel room by the police when he and a prostitute named Nana. Becausage of the cameraman did not take the scenery successfully the police asked the actor to cooperate with them for scene taking. Through this funny and ironic scene Han Han satirized hypocrisy of the police.
We can find many of these examples in his works. In fact, we can figure that all his works are of this style and full of irony and mock.
2.2 logic turning methods
Han Han uses a lot of logic turning methods (including acute turning and slow turning) to narrate his stories. Usually, a turning would transfer with words like “...is not wrong, but wrong at...”“...this is not unfortunate, the unfortunate is...”. In Han Han‟s article, visible turning words are seldom used. Instead, his uses invisible turning methods to make the changes of subject so that to create an effect of irony and humor.
Take the following sentence as an example.
“那年我的确比较悲观，觉得这个世界上的确都是爱的踪影，爱骗人，爱吹牛，爱贪便宜，等等”.( I was optimistic those years. The world was full of favor---in favor of lies, boast and greed.)
The turning of this example was manifested in the word “favor”. The word class of “爱”(that is favor here) changed from a noun into a verb then lead to a change of meaning. This acute turning created a humorous effect on the word “favor”and created huge psychological punch of reading.
3.Features of sentence structure and words usage
3.1 features of sentence structure
Generally, essays are written with simple sentences. Han Han‟ s essays, in some ways, the sentence structure is freer and informal. Usually, he seldom uses complex sentences. Besides, Sentences he writes are colloquial. Like he wrote in Release of Shifan:
“村民们的生活和福利状况比起以前没有多大改变，但我们再呼吸不到新鲜
空气了......老百姓选择忍，因为环境部门的检测报告显示，一切合格。

是的，做人做事，如果没有了下限，可不是什么都合格吗？”( The living condition and welfare condition didn‟t change. Meanwhile, we would never enjoy fresh air as past time.....but everyone chooses to bear it since the report by the department of environment shows all figures are up to standard. Yes, everything will be ok if there is no restriction.)
No complex sentence structure, no difficult words are used, using the most simple sentence structure and oral words to state opinion.
Another example:
“...你领导四年换一届，以对环境的破坏换一些漂亮的纸面业绩，干好了升迁，干砸了入狱，最好的移民，最差的枪毙...”( The leader class changes every four years. Officials can be promoted or putted in jail according to their work. The lucky one might immigrant but the hapless one might has a bullet. )
In this case the sentence is colloquial. Read Han‟s article is like talk to an living man rather than an inanimate article.
3.2 features of words
Words in Han‟s works are not either those obscure words or those words the writer wants to show his literature capability. He usages easy words we usage in our daily life even some of pet phrases that are kinds of vulgar. But these make his works easy to read and easy to understand.
Han Han wrote a paragraph as follow in his essay Life as I undertand.
“我承认在这个社会，很多人觉得你只要不说脏话，说点假话、空话、套话，造谣，大肆地造谣，疯狂地造谣都不算是道德败坏。

但我觉得反之，并且要对道
貌岸然的傻逼们加一个…操‟字”.( I admit that in this society people will not think you are immoral as long as you don‟t say dirty words even though you lie, you say malarkey, speak in sound bites or start a rumor. But I think it actually on the contrary and need to say “ fuck you” to those sanctimonious idiots).
Using these words like “fuck” is not a taboo to Han. His usage of words is brisk rather than vivid. So shouldn‟t have to be surprised when read his articles for the free usage of words is his most arresting trait.
4.The usage of rhetoric in his works
Rhetoric or figures of speech are ways of making our language figurative. When we use words in other than their ordinary or literal sense to lend force to an idea, to heighten effect, or to create suggestive imagery, we are said to be speaking or writing figuratively. Han Han uses plenty of rhetoric in his works to mock, criticize, satirize and express opinions. This part is going to analyze those figures of speech used in his works.
4.1 Usage of simile
Simile is a comparison between two different things that resemble each other in at least one way. In formal prose the simile is a device both of art and explanation, comparing an unfamiliar thing to some familiar thing (an object, event, process, etc.) known to the reader. Simile is one of the most frequently used rhetoric to describe the characteristic of something. It can present things vividly and create more boundless
association and imagination. Besides, a usage of simile can make those abstract things easier to understand.
As has mentioned in the preceding part of the text, Han Han was influenced by Qian Zhongshu greatly. Not only writing style of Qian Zhongshu was imitated by Han, but also some writing skills. Use simile can strengthen the irony and humor effect.
The following example extracts from an essay Release of Shifang.
“中国的老百姓和小龙虾很像，最能忍最能抗。

”( Chinese people are as tough as crayfish.)
Here Han Han compared Chinese people with crayfish ( or called chicken lobster) to show Chinese people‟s characteristic of submitting to humiliation. Crayfish is a kind of creature that can live in a bad aquatic environment. The author consider this feature as tough( but of a pejorative sense). The reader can build a link between the people and the crayfish which make the characteristic of people more specific. Also, this simile heighten the effect of irony---satirize the faintheartedness of people.
Another example from essay named Our Generation.
“...我们今天所经历的一切，都是头皮屑。

”（Everything we experience now is dandruff）.
Dandruff is something unimportant but difficult to clean up. The author used dandruff to compare with the experience of people aimed to explain that what people experience today are something unimportant but something difficult to be solved and might bother us for long time.
The author lends force to his ideas by using simile.
4.2Usage of personification
Personification is a rhetoric that gives human form of feelings to animals, or life and personal attributes to inanimate objects, or to ideas and abstractions.
There was a narration as following in Han Han‟s novel Triple Gate.This paragraph actually imitated the expression in Qian Zhongshu‟s Fortress Besieged.
“经过慢慢的等待，菜终于上来了，四个人各有一碗面，有所不同的是Susan 的面根根士气饱满，也是一副‘君子’的样子；相形之下，其余三人的面条都像历尽了灾难，面黄肌瘦”。

（After a long time waiting their dishes finally been ordered. They all had a bottle of noodle each but each bottle of noodle was not the same--- Noodle in Susan‟s bottle was like a corps of soldiers who were full of energy; however, the other three bottle full of refugees who had experienced a disaster.）The author gave noodle a human form as describing noodle “full of spirit”, “had a face of gentlemen” and “had experienced disaster”. The interesting personification makes the subject vivid and successfully shows us the scene where the four people ate noodle.
4.3 Usage of metonymy
Metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the mane of one thing for that of another. The basis of metonymy is association. Objects should have connection to each other. In Han Han‟s critical essays especially those criticize the bad side of society he used metonymy to sharpen the expressions.
Here is an example taken from Release of Shifang.
“愿扛住了八级地震的人们，能扛得住追打；也愿扛住了八级地震的政府大
楼，能扛得住追打。

”( I hope those people who went through the earthquake can go through the questioning. So does the government building .)
This is obviously a metonymy---the government building substitutes for the government. Metonymy used here with a ridicule sense. However, the author expresses his hope about the government rather than condemn. Critic was done in a slight way. The word “ hope” can show.
5.Implied meaning of sentences
Sentences have implied meanings means sentences have another meaning except the literary meaning of the sentences. Han Han‟s sharp writing style was formed in the basis of implied meaning. Most of the implied meanings satirize society phenomenon. This is an example.
“我觉得我是全世界最聪明绝顶的人。

因为有些博士其实见识没有多少长进，只是学会了怎么把一句人都听得懂的话写得鬼都看不懂.”( I think I am the most brilliant people in this world for some of the PHDs actually do not have so much knowledge. What they have learned was to paraphrase a sentence could be understood by everyone into a clause that no one can read.)
The implied meaning here is that those doctors are not so wild-eyes. They have only learned how to paraphrase a sentence while paraphrasing makes no sense both for them or the society. Han Han satirizes the higher education which only teach students to do something meaningless and helpless for themselves.
6.Conclusion
Han Han, as one of the most famous and one of the most influential writers rose a phenomenon called “Han Han phenomenon”. His works are sharp, ironic, cri ticize the maladies of society. What we discuss here is far from enough for us to know about Han Han‟s works. We have many to analyze. But we can still learn through the analyze process.
Bibliography
[1]. 百度文库《比较钱钟书和韩寒作品讽刺幽默艺术的异同---以<围城>和<三重门>为例》
[2]. 2010年07月22日腾讯·大秦网，《探究韩寒的文风之四大别具一格文学作品特点》。