汽车人机工程论文(骄阳书屋)

摘要

目前汽车尤其是乘用车设计强调以人为中心，舒适性一直是汽车设计的主体和追求目标。商用车是汽车工业产品型谱中的重要组成部分,在我国国民经济建设和社会发展中发挥着巨大的作用。近年来随着我国国民经济的快速发展、高等级公路的大量修建以及物流业的迅速发展,我国商用车发展迅速。国内商用车企业虽然具有一定的自主研发和科技创新能力,但在商用车人机工程设计开发方面与国外相比还有一定的差距。运用人机工程学原理对商用车驾驶室进行科学合理的设计,改善驾驶员工作环境,对于提高商用车主动安全性,保证驾驶员行车安全和身体健康具有重要意义。

本文结合所承担的“十一五”国家高技术发展计划(863计划)项目“重型汽车集成开发先进技术(2006从110105)”,对重型商用车人机工程设计与评价方法和关键技术进行了深入、系统研究,论文完成的主要研究工作如下:对重型商用车驾驶室人机工程学设计的主要内容和过程,以及采用的统计学方法进行了研究总结,建立了重型商用车人机工程设计方法。

研究了根据人体测量学数据建立用于商用车人机工程设计和分析数字人体模型的关键技术,包括人体测量学参数描述、运动学和动力学建模、人体肢体运动驱动和姿势求解的正向和反向运动学问题、几何建模和外观可视化、性能建模等,建立了三维数字化人体模型,开发了具有自主知识产权的重型商用车人机工程设计评价系统(SHOVED)。

利用该系统对某商用车驾驶室座椅H点位置、前后方视野、A柱盲区、仪表视野和平均观测距离、手伸及性,踏板舒适性,操纵方便性、风窗刮扫面积和上下车方便性等人机性能进行了设计、分析与评价。结果表明,该车型的人机性能满足国内外标准要求,并给出了进一步改善驾驶室人机性能的建议。提出了一种改进的人体姿势舒适度评价方法,即采用人体肌肉负荷作为姿势舒适性的客观量度,而肌肉负荷从宏观上根据关节载荷计算;通过仿真分析获得姿势空间内姿势舒适性的分布;对姿势舒适性分布数据进行统计分析,建立姿势舒适性评价模型。

本文将商务车驾驶室作为一个特殊、复杂的人机系统，运用人机工程学理论，借助计算机仿真技术，实现了装载机驾驶室人机系统设计的计算机化。该方法为缩短装载机新机型的开发周期，降低开发成本，也为进行驾驶室设计和性能检验提供了一种有效手段。

关键字：人体测量学，驾驶室，人机工程学，数字人体模型

ABSTRACT

Nowadays，the modem vehicle especially the car emphasis on that men is the center，and the designing of Vehicle is the main content and target to Heavy-duty commercial vehicle is important part in automobile product catalog, and plays an important role in our national economical construction and social development. In recent years, with rapid development of the Chinese national economy, extensive construction of highway, and development of logistics industry, Heavy-duty truck industry

develops rapidly in China. Although domestic commercial vehicle enterprises have the abilities of self-R&D and science and technology innovation, but domestic commercial vehicle enterprises lag behind oversea automobile companies in ergonomic design. From the Point of view of vehicle design, the most direct way to improve the active safety of vehicle and Working environment of drivers’ safety and health, is to design the cab scientifically by using the ergonomic theories.

Based on national’863’high-tech development Project” Advanced Technology of

Integration and development for Heavy-duty Truck” (No.2206AAll0105), The profound and systematic research works are carried out in this dissertation focusing mainly on the key techniques of Heavy-duty commercial vehicle cab ergonomic design and evaluation method. The major research contents are finished as follows:

A summation is conducted for the ergonomic design contents, Processes and Statistical method of commercial vehicle cab. A ergonomic design method for Heavy-duty truck is established.

In this dissertation, key techniques of modeling of digital human used for

Heavy-duty commercial vehicle ergonomic design and analysis are studied, including anthropometry Parameters description, kinematics and dynamics modeling, direct and reverse kinematics for limbs driving and Posture calculation, geometric modeling and visualization, Performance modeling, etc. A 3D digital human model is built up. By integrating these functions, together with vehicle modeling and ergonomic analysis features, a Heavy-duty commercial vehicle ergonomic design and evaluation system SHOVED (System for Heavy-duty Commercial Vehicle Ergonomic Design) is developed.

By using SHOVED, cab concept can be constructed based on the cab parameters inputted, test samples of target population for ergonomic analysis can be generated, comfort of upper and lower extremities can be evaluated considering steering, shift and pedal operations, front and back vision field, A-Pillar dead ground, dashboard vision field and mean observation distance, windshield sweep area, and convenience for up-and down truck can be analyzed and evaluated. Results show that ergonomic Performance of target vehicle satisfied domestic and SAE standard requirements. A few suggestions are proposed for improving ergonomic performance of the cab further.

In this study, loader cab Was taken as a special and complex man machine．By

the aid of the theory of man·machine engineering and computerized simulation the CAD method of loader cab Was realized．With the new design method。The development cycle and cost were decreased．And it provides