冠词和代词讲解

冠词和代词讲解

一、考纲内容

1. 冠词：能在具体语境中熟练掌握冠词表示泛指、类指和特指的基本用法，以及冠词的活用和在固定搭配、习惯用语中的用法。

2. 代词：了解代词的基本用法，熟练掌握不定代词、人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词及反身代词的用法，尤其是it的灵活运用。

二、命题趋势

1. 冠词：

（1）语法填空中对冠词的考察将集中在冠词的基本用法和活用两个方面，即考察一般规则，也考察特殊现象。考察时不给出提示词。（2）短文改错中对冠词的考察主要有三种形式：名词前缺少冠词；不可数名词前加不定冠词；冠词误用。

2. 代词：

（1）高考对代词的考察主要涉及在给定的上下文运用代词的能力，以及对不定代词、人称代词、反身代词、译文代词和代替词的考察。（2）在语法填空中对代词进行考察时，有时不给出提示词，也可以给出代词主格形式，要求考生填其宾格、所有格或反身代词形式。（3）短文改错中对代词的考察主要有以下几种形式：代词与前后不一致，代词缺失，代词误用。

三、冠词讲解

1. 不定冠词的用法（a/an）

(1)泛指某个或某类人或物

例：I was born in a small village in Shandong Province. (2)指未曾提到过的、对方不熟悉的人或物

例：A boy is waiting for you.

(3)用在转换为可数名词、表示具体意义的抽象名词前

例：The party held last week was a great success.

(4)表示“一”或“每一”的概念

例：He went to hospital to attend his sick father three times week.

高考真题：

1.（2017 课标Ⅰ）I still remember how hard first day was.

2. (2014 课标Ⅰ) As result,the plants are growing everywhere.

3.(2014 辽宁) Besides,Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.

4.(2017 课标Ⅰ，65) As result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.

5.(2017 课标Ⅲ，42) Instead,she is earning 6500 dollars a day as model in New York.

6.(2017 浙江，65) For Pahlsson,its return was wonder.

7.(2016 课标Ⅱ，48) Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy.

8.(2016 浙江，2) prize for the winner of the competition is two-week holiday in Paris.

9.(2015 四川，5) Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.

10.(2013 福建，21) The “Chinese Dream” is dream to improve people’s well-being and dream of harmony,peace and development.

11.(2013 浙江，15) People develop preference for a particular style at early age and these preferences affect learning.

12.(2016 课标Ⅰ) My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time.

13.(2015 重庆，3) I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask.

四、定冠词的用法（the）

1.特指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人或物

例： What a pity that you couldn’t be here to receive the prize!

2.用在形容词或分词前，表示一类人或物

例：the injured; the poor; the old

3.用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇两人

例： I paid a visit to the Turners last week.

4.用在方位名词、西洋乐器名词（与play连用时）和地球上、宇宙中独一无二的事物前。

例：the east; play the piano; the universe; the moon 5.用在序数词、比较级（两者相比较，表示特指的时候）、最高级和形容词only, very(恰好是)，same前或just后。

例：（1）It’s the first time that I have been to China.

(2) Which story is the more interesting of the two?

(3) We were the only people there.

(4)It’s just the place for picnic.

6.用于固定结构“动词+sb.+介词+the+表示身体部位的名词”中例: (1) take sb.by the arm 拉着某人的胳膊

（2）hit sb.in the face/on the nose 打某人的脸/鼻子

7. 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前

例：the Great Wall 长城 the Yellow River 黄河

8.用在表示世纪、年代、朝代的词及逢十的数词（表某个年代）前例：（1）in the 1980s 在20世纪80年代

（2）the Song Dynasty 宋朝

定冠词用法口诀：特指、熟悉和重提，复数姓氏、最高级；独一无二和年代，序数词、方位和乐器；普通名词专有化，固定结构要牢记。高考真题：

1.（2017 课标Ⅰ）I still remember how hard first day was.

2.(2017 课标Ⅲ) When I look at this picture of myself....