中学英语定语从句中常见错误例析

中学英语定语从句中多见错误例析

定语从句中多见错误例析

在使用定语从句过程中,有些学生往往会出现这样或那样的错误.为避免这些错误,现对一些多见错误作以归纳：

1从句中多余宾语

[误] The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.[正] The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put into my mouth.上例中,关系代词that或which在定语从句中作宾语,可省去,因此,从句中宾语it多余.2从句中缺少主语

[误] He is the professor gave us a speech yesterday.

[正] He is the professor who gave us a speech yesterday.

关系代词who或that在定语从句中做主语不能省略,否则,句子结构不统统.

3从句中主谓不一致

[误]I, who is your friend, will try my best to help you.

[正]I, who am your friend, will try my best to help you.

定语从句中,关系代词做主语时,应注意主谓一致,也就是说,根据先行词的人称和数来确定从句中谓语动词的形式.如：-

I just spoke to the doctor who is an eye specialist.

He was the only one of youngest girls who plays in the band.

4搭配错误

[误]Don’t talk about such things that you do not understand.

[正]Don’t talk about such things as you do not understand.

在such…as结构中,as所引导的中定语从句时,不能用其它关系代词代替,但在thesame…as结构中,如属同类则用as,如:如

You’vemadethesamemistakeasIdid,notchanged,notanotherorothers作之意时,则需用that，如You’vemadethesamemistakethatyoumadelast time。

5关系代词误用

（1）what与that误用

[误]All what she could do was to go back home.

[正]All that she could do was to go back home.

what一词不能引导定语从句.当先行词是all时,应用关系词that引导定语从句,另外,有些复合不定代词（如nothingeverything:等）作先行词,或先行词受形容词级、序数词等修饰时,关系代词常用that而不用which.

如::Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverythingthathesaw in the factory.

（2）Who与whom误用

[误]The citizens ,most of who were workers ,welcomed the new mayor.

[正]The citizens ,most of whom were workers ,welcomed the new mayor.

关系代词紧跟介词后面引导定词从句修饰人时用Whom;同样,关系代词紧跟介词后面引导定词从句修饰物时用which

如:ThetwothingsaboutwhichMarxwasnotsureweregrammarand some of the idioms

（3）that与which误用

[误]Tom’s dog, that was very old now, became ill and died,

[正]Tom’s dog, which was very old now , became ill and died

非限制定语从句,用关系代词which引导.

（4）that与who误用

[误]Theytalkedaboutanhourofthingsandpersonswhothey’rememberedinthescho ol.[正]They talked about an hour of things and persons that they’re membered i n theschool.

先行词在多个,且既是人又是物时,要用关系代词that引导定词从句

6关系代词与关系副词混淆

[误]I’ve been to the city where you visited last week.

[正]I’ve been to the city that you visited last week

定词从句修饰代表地点、时问的先行词时,要看代表先行词的关系词在定语从句中是否作谓语动词的宾语.如作动词的宾语,就要用关系代词that或which引导定语从句.反之,要用关系副词where（表地点）或when（表时间）,在定语从句中作状语.如:Marywouldneverforgetthe evening when she lost the beautiful necklace

7先行词混淆

[误]}Is this museum that you visited the other day?

[正]Is this museum the one you visited the other day?

该例中Thismuseum为主语,并非先行词.照句子结构缺少表语theone,即定语从句所修饰的先行词.

8定词从句与强调句混淆

[误]Is it in this museum where he works?

[正]Is it in this museum that he works?

上例为强调句.需要记住的是,强调句型为止It is/was+被强调部分+that/who…不能与定语从句混淆.

9遗漏介词

[误]The person whom I spoke just now is the manager