定语从句讲义新版

Fill in the blanks. that/which 1. I still remember the day _________ we spent in the forest. when/on which 2. I still remember the day ____________ I first came to Beijing. 3. The factory _________ we will visit is large. that/which where 4. The factory ___________ his father works is large. when/at which 5. I’ll never forget the time _____________ we work on the farm. where/in which 6. This is the house ____________ we lived last year. 归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点, 在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若 作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that, which.
Fill in the gaps: 1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _______ were in the fields. that that 2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _______ is in front of our school gate. 3.This is the very thing ______ I was looking for. that// that// 4.This is the second novel ______ I have ever read. 5.There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten that me. that 6.Who is the man _______ is reading under the tree? 7.My hometown is not the same one _______ it used that to be twenty years ago.
关系词的指代关系
指人 指物 在定语从句中的作用
Who Whom
Baidu Nhomakorabea√ √
主语
宾语 宾语
Which指代整个主句 √ whose √ √
主语 宾语 定语
关系副词(where, when)的指代关系 关系副词 的指代关系
指地点 指时间 在定语从句中的作 用
Where When
tip
√
介词+which 介词
指时间, 指时间 地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中 作主语或宾语, 引导定语从句。 作主语或宾语 用which或that引导定语从句。 或 引导定语从句
a. This is the place where he works. This is the place which (that) we visited last year. b. I’ll never forget the days when we worked together. Do you still remember the days that (which) we spent together? c. This is the reason why / for which he went. The reason that (which) he gave us was quite reasonable.
关系副词where 关系副词
This is the factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago. This is the factory which/ that I worked in ten years ago. This is the factory in which I worked ten years ago. This is the factory where I worked ten years ago.
地点状语 √ 时间状语
that, why不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。 不能在非限制性定语从句中使用。 不能在非限制性定语从句中使用 As引导非限制性定语从句常位于句首 指代 引导非限制性定语从句常位于句首, 引导非限制性定语从句常位于句首 整个的主句。常译为“正如” 整个的主句。常译为“正如”。
以下情况只能用that 1 先行词既有指人又有指物 2 当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时，有the only, the very 等修饰时 3 先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing 等不定代词 4 主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时 5当先行词在定语从句中作表语时
Grammar
The Attributive Clause 定语从句
定语从句 用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的 名（代）词叫作先行词。定语从句一般紧跟在先 行词的后面。 1. The students (who don’t study hard) will not pass 先行词 定语从句 the exam. 主句: The students will not pass the exam. 2. The woman (whom you saw in the park) is our 先行词 定语从句 English teacher. 主句: The woman is our English teacher. 从句的主语： you 从句的宾语： whom
when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名 引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名 并在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于 词,并在定语从句中作时间状语 相当于 并在定语从句中作时间状语 关系代词(which)”。 “介词+关系代词 介词 关系代词 。 I’ll never forget the day when I joined
3. A shoe shop is a shop (which sells shoes). 主句：A shoe shop is a shop. 从句的主语: which 4. The book (that you want) is on the desk. 主句 The book is on the desk. that 从句的主语: you 从句的宾语： 引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that, which,who whom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间， 起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。 The man (that/who told us a funny story) is in the next room. 主语 I lost the book(( that/which ) you gave me). 宾语
=
the league.
on which(=on the day)
关系副词why 关系副词
There are many reasons why people like traveling. for the reasons =why “why” is used after the word “reason”.
We visited the house. Luxun once lived in the house. We visited the house which/ that Luxun once lived in. We visited the house in which Luxun once lived. We visited the house where Luxun once lived. where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词 并 引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词, 引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词 在定语从句中作地点状语, 相当于“介词+ 在定语从句中作地点状语 相当于“介词 关系 代(which)”。 。
when, where, why 与that, which 的区分
why This is the reason ________ (= for which) I didn’t come here. which/that The reason __________ she gave was not true.
Grammar
The Restrictive and Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性与非限制性定语从句
品味一“ 品味一“翻”
a) She has two brothers who are working in the city. (She has more than two brothers.) b) She has two brothers, who are working in the city. (She has only two brothers.)
关系副词when 关系副词
They’ll never forget July 1. Hong Kong returned to its motherland on July 1. They’ll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland. The days are gone forever. We used foreign oil during those days. The days when we used foreign oil are gone forever.
下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差, 意义大相径庭。 下面两个句子只有一个逗号之差 意义大相径庭。 a)He will wear no clothes which will make him different from others. 他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。 他不会穿一些使他显得与众不同的衣服。 b) He will wear no clothes, which will make him different from others. 他不穿衣服, 这会使他显得与众不同。 他不穿衣服 这会使他显得与众不同。
The relative adverb (关系副词)
when(=at / in/ on/ during which) where (=in/ at which) why(= for which)
Referring to Function in the clause time place reason 时间状语 地点状语 原因状语
归纳：that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。 which,指物，作主语或宾语。 who, whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。 that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。 which/that 1) A plane is a machine ________________ can fly. which/that/ / / 2) The car _______________________ my uncle bought last week was stolen. who/that 3) The students ________________ don’t study hard will not pass the exam. 4) The woman ___________________ you saw in whom/that/ / / the park is our English teacher. 5) He talked happily about the men and books____ that __________ interested him greatly in the school.