关于生物材料的英语论文翻译

The future of biomedical materials

生物医用材料的展望

James M. Anderson

詹姆斯·M·安德森

Abstract

摘要

The purpose of this communication is to present the author’s perspectives on the future of biomedical materials that were presented at the Larry L. Hench Retirement Symposium held at Imperial College, London, in late September 2005.

这次交流的目的是为了表达作者的观点，这个观点是在2005年9月后期在伦敦帝国学院举行的Larry L. Hench退休座谈会上被提出来的。The author has taken a broad viewof the future of biomedical materials and has presented key ideas, concepts, and perspectives necessary for the future research and development of biomedical polymers and their future role as an enabling technology for the continuing progress of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, prostheses, and medical devices.

作者放眼生物医用材料的未来前景并介绍了主要观点、概念、将来实验所必须的透视图、生物医用材料的发展以及将来作为组织工程学连续发展、再生医药、假肢、医疗设备等的授权工艺。

This communication, based on the oral presentation, is meant to be

provocative and generate discussion.

这份基于口头报告的交流意味着将挑起激烈讨论。

In addition, it is targeted for students and young scientists who will play an ever-increasing role in the future of biomedical materials.

此外，它是针对将来在生物医用材料方面扮演越来越重要角色的学生和青年科学家。

Introduction

简介

Over the past decade, research and development of new biomedical materials has turned from “passive” materials to materials that actively interact and integrate with their biological environment.

在过去的几十年里，新生物医用材料的研究和发展已经从“被动的”材料转向和生物环境积极相关并成为整体的材料。Unfortunately, this paradigm shift has not been matched by a requisite enhancement of our knowledge of the mechanisms of interaction between the materials and proteins, cells, and other materials within the biological environment.

不幸的是，这种范例的转变和我们必备的知识不相匹配。这种知识就是材料与蛋白质、细胞以及其他生物环境的材料相互作用的机理。Given the unique nature of tissues and organs, we lack biological design criteria for the development of new materials and devices constructed from these materials.

考虑到组织和器官的独特性质，由于新材料和新设备的发展是从这些材料出发的，我们至今缺少生物设计的标准。

Additional constraints in our developing biological design criteia and structure/biological property relationships are our dependence on in vitro studies and non-human models in the development process.

在我们发展生物设计标准和结构的过程中，还存在额外的限制因素。在研究过程中，生物学性质的关系仅仅依赖于试管研究和非人体模型。

The history of biomaterials

生物材料的历史

As has been stated by many authors in many different ways, if we do not understand and appreciate the past, we are doomed to repeat it in the future.

正如许多作者用不同的方法阐述的一样，如果我们没有理解和领会过去，将来我们注定会重复过去。

Table 1 presents the author’s perspective on the history of biomaterials.

表1展示了作者关于生物材料的观点。

As exemplified by the change in font size of the word “biomaterials”, the first quarter century, 1950 to 1975, of biomaterials development was dominated by the characteristics of the materials intended for prostheses and medical devices.

正如改变单词“biomaterials”字体大小的例证，第一个四分之一世纪，