高中英语人教版：必修一+名词性从句专题讲解+Word版

名词性从句

概念

在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫作名词性从句。

种类

主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

注：由于名词性从句在句中不同的句法功能（即名词性从句在复合句中，能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。），相应地，名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

引导词

主语从句

主语从句可直接放在句首，也可用形式主语it代替，而将主语从句后置。

that引导的主语从句

1)that引导的主语从句置于句首（that此时在从句中不充当任何成分，无含义，只起连接

作用，不能省略）

That the earth moves around the sun is known to all.

注：从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

2)在that引导的主语从句中，常用it作形式主语，that引导的真正的主语从句后置，常

见的此类句型有：

①It+系动词+形容词+that从句。

常用于这种结构的形容词有：

It is likely that he can’t come to the meeting.

It is obvious that you have made a big mistake.

注：It is necessary/important/surprising/strange/unthinkable/unbelievable/incredible

that+主语(should)+动词原形+其它。

e.g. It is necessary that a college student (should) master one or two foreign languages.

It is strange that you (should) trust Jane.

②It+系动词+名词+that从句。

常用于这种结构的名词有：

It is a pity that you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.

I t is no wonder that you’ve achieved so much success.

③It+ be+过去分词+that从句。

常用于这种结构的过去分词有：

It is reported that no passengers were injured in the accident.

It is generally considered that boys are better at science than girls.

注：It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/demanded +that+主语(should)+

动词原形+其它。

e.g. It is suggested that you(should) spend more time in studying English.

④It+动词（+宾语或状语）+that从句。

常用于这种结构的动词有：

It happened to me that I was away when he called.

It occurred to me that we should get in touch with the manager.

●whether/if引导的主语从句

whether引导的主语从句即可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句末，前面需用it作形式主语。whether，if只起连句中不作成分，且不可省略。

Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it.

（whether引导的主语从句放在句首）

It is unknown whether/if he has agreed to my plan.

（主语从句是whether/if he has agreed to my plan, it作形式主语）

●连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句

1）连接代词what, who, whom, , whose, which , whatever, whoever, whichever等在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语,不可以省略。

What he said just now is true.

Who breaks the law will be punished.

注：①whoever和whatever引导的名词性从句一般不用it作形式主语。

②what 引导的主语从句一般按单数对待，但在实际使用中，其单复数取决于其成

分的含义。

e.g. What the kid wanted was only a new school bag.

（schoolbag是可数名词单数，谓语动词用单数）

What they need are a car and some water.

（a car and some water表示复数概念，谓语动词用复数）

2）连接副词when, where, why, how，whenever，however，wherever等在从句中作状语。

Why they suddenly disappeared remains a mystery.

（why在从句中作原因状语）

W hen we’ll go for a picnic isn’t known.

（when在从句中作时间状语）

宾语从句

句法功能

1)作动词的宾语

①大多数位于及物动词后。

I hope (that) you can join us in the game.

I doubt whether/if he will come to the wedding.

②有些动词短语后。

常见的这类动词短语有：

Please find out when the ship sails for New York.

We should keep in mind that sports can help us develop both our bodies and characters.

③可以运用it作形式宾语代替宾语从句

A.动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume等后有宾语补足

语时，要用it作形式宾语，而把that引导的宾语从句后置。

e.g. I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.

I have made it rule that I keep diaries.

B.有些动词（词组）带宾语从句时需要在从句前加it.

如：hate, dislike, appreciate, see to, depend on等。除此之外，take it for granted中的

it是位于动词短语而不是从句前。

e.g. I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.

Some students just take it granted that they will pass the exam.