高考英语语法省略精选
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高考英语语法省略
无论在口语中还是在书面语中,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,常常在不影响文意的情况下将句子中的某些成分略去,这种现象称为省略.纵观历年高考试题,"省略"在单项填空中频频出现.
简单句中的省略
1、省略主语祈使句中主语通常省略;其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法.
(1) (I) Thank you for your help.
(2) (I) See you tomorrow.
(3) (It) Doesn’t matter.
(4) (I) Beg your pardon.
2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分
(1) (There is) No smoking .
(2) (Is there) Anything wrong ?
(3) (Will you) Have a smoke ?
(4) What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ?
(5) Why (do you) not say hello to him ?
3、省略作宾语的不定式短语,只保留to,但如果该宾语是动词be或完成时态,则须在之后加上be或have:
(1) –Are you going there? --Yes, I’d like to (go there).
(2) He didn’t give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the chance).
(3) –Are you an engineer? --No, but I want to be.
(4) –He hasn’t finished the task yet. --Well, he ought to have.
4、省略表语
(1) –Are you thirsty? --Yes, I am (thirsty).
(2) His brother isn’t lazy, nor is his sister (lazy).
5、同时省略几个成分
(1) Let’s meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday.
(2) –-Have you finished your work ?
---(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.
1、主句中有一些成分被省略
(1) ( I’m ) Sorry to hear you are ill.
(2) ( It’s a ) Pity that he missed such a good chance.
2、主句中有一些成分被省略
(1) –
(2) –She must be busy now? --If so, she can’t go with us.
(3) –Is she feeling better today? --I’m afraid not.
(4) –Do you think he will attend the meeting? --I guess not.
这种用法常见的有:How so? Why so? Is that so? I hope so. He said so.及I suppose/believe/hope not.
两个并列句中,后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分.
(1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse.
(2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.
1、连词的that省略
(1) 宾语从句中常省略连词that,但也有不能省略的情况.
(2) 在定语从句中,that在从句中作宾语时可省略.另外,凡是进行时态和被动语态的定语从句都可省略关系代词和be 动词.
2、在某些状语从句中,从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可省去“主语+be”部分
(1) When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night.
(2) She tried her best though (she was) rather poor in health.
(3) If (
(4) If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again.
状语从句的省略原则主要是:如果从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致,就可以经过一定的变动把状语从
句中的主语和谓语的一部分或全部省略,从而使语言更加简洁、明了.现就把各种状语从句的省略.现象列举如下:
一、时间状语从句中的省略
When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano.
她很小时,就开始学习弹钢琴.
While (I was) at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student.
我在上大学时就开始认识他,一个奇怪但有能力的学生
When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send me a telegram.)
到达之后,来个电报
Don’
不叫你请你不要进来
不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙.
You should let us know the result as soon as(it is) possible.
你应尽快让我们知道结果.
注:as在引导时间状语从句时,没有这种省略现象.
我们不可说As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the ground.
二、地点状语从句中的省略. 地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构:
where(ver) possible, where(ver) necessary,Lay these books where possible you can find them easily. 把这些书放在你可能容易找到的地方.
Put in articles wherever necessary in the following passages.
在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠词
三、条件状语从句中的省略
常用的句型是:if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone等.如:
Send the goods now if (they are) ready.
货物如果准备好了,请送过来.
如果叫他来,他就来