2016年北京科技大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研历年真题,重难点笔记考研参考书

育明教育孙老师、夏老师为大家整理了全国各高校翻译硕士历年
考研真题及解析，最全、最完整版，来育明，赠送真题、免费答疑
北京科技大学
2014年硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
=============================================================================================================
试题编号：357试题名称：英语翻译基础（共3页）
适用专业：翻译
说明：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，做在试题或草稿纸上无效。

=============================================================================================================
一、英汉互译短语翻译（30分）
IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency)
GNP(Gross National Product)
Gini coefficient
carbon tax
resource recycling
quantitative easing
genetically modified food
urbanization ratio
核心竞争力
资源配置
绿色增长
可燃冰
社交网络
雾霾
碳交易
二、将下列段落译为汉语（25分）
In1992,Deng underscored the need to follow through on the“modernisation”course that he
initiated in the1980s and he emphasised the need for the economy to strengthen investment and become far more export-oriented.These policies,pursued by Deng’s successors,spurred extraordinary overall economic growth including the emergence from poverty into the mainstream of hundreds of millions of Chinese.
Now,however,Xi and Li accept that the era of double-digit annual GDP growth has ended.They are building Communist Party support—and this is why the forthcoming plenary session is important—for rapid action on an economic agenda that they hope can deliver sustained annual growth of between7and7.5per cent.
三、将下列短文译为汉语（35分）
Seven years ago Beijing’s government set a target of making the city a“liveable”one by2020, with“fresh air and a beautiful environment”.Few praise its plaints abound about its congestion,pollution,desperate shortage of water and hugely expensive housing.Even in the state-controlled media,suggestions are sometimes made that it is time to build a new capital. Beijing has been China’s capital for most of the past600years.Since the Communist victory in 1949,the Chinese have been taught to revere the city as an embodiment of China’s power,the party’s might and their country’s glorious history.To propose a move strikes many as heretical.In recent years,however,some have broken ranks.In2000even China’s then Prime Minister,Zhu Rongji,joined the sceptics.The capital,he declared,might have to move if measures to curb its sandstorms failed.
Since then officials have claimed some success in reducing the frequency of these lung-clogging calamities.But other problems have grown.Beijingers fed up with traffic gridlock sometimes pronounce the word“shoudu”,meaning capital,in a different tone so that it sounds like“the most congested”.For much of the year a grey blanket of pollutants shrouds the city.The rate of birth defects has doubled over the past decade.The environment is thought to be a contributory factor. Several scholars have suggested,in newspapers as well as online,that these and other problems would best be solved by relocating the central government.
Beijing’s bureaucrats are unlikely to be persuaded.Their privileges,common to all those registered as Beijing citizens(ie,not migrants from other provinces),include readier access than
most other Chinese have to some of the country’s best educational and medical facilities.Some local officials in places favoured by scholars as potential capital sites have been proclaiming their merits.But given the allure of Beijing’s amenities,it is little wonder that the central authorities keep quiet.
四、将下列段落译为英语（25分）
今年是中国发展进程中不平凡的一年。

中国新一届中央领导集体提出实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，带领13亿中国人民朝着实现“两个一百年”的奋斗目标迈进。

这就是，到2020年全面建成小康社会，到本世纪中叶建成社会主义现代化国家。

走过五千载岁月沧桑，历经一百年兴衰沉浮，当代中国站到了新的历史起点上。

未来的中国，将会坚持一条什么样的发展道路，奉行什么样的内外政策，发挥什么样的国际作用，相信这些问题都是国际社会非常关心的。

五、将下列短文译为英语（35分）
可持续发展的概念由1992年联合国环境和发展大会正式提出，但对中国人来讲并不陌生。

天人合一，不能涸泽而渔等理念，是中国优秀传统文化的一部分，并传承至今。

中国政府将可持续发展作为基本国策，强调不能再走先污染、后治理的老路，为子孙后代负责，为国际社会负责。

我们正积极落实以人为本、全面协调可持续的科学发展观，既发展经济，也保护好环境，维护人民的根本和长远利益。

当前中国的新能源和可再生能源投资已经位居全球第一，森林覆盖率在新世纪的头十年内提高了3.8%，森林面积增加了36.51万平方公里。

2006至2010年期间，通过节能和提高能效累计节约6.3亿吨标准煤，相当于减少排放二氧化碳14.6亿吨。

2011至2015年期间，力争将单位GDP能耗降低16%、单位GDP二氧化碳排放降低17%。

翻译硕士词汇辨析1
ambiguous,obscure,vague,unclear,dim
ambiguous,obscure,vague,unclear,dim这一组形容词都有“模糊”的意思。

ambiguous a.意义含糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。

His ambiguous directions confused us;we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。

obscure a.用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。

该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。

The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references.艾兹拉·庞德的诗有时候难以理解，因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。

vague a.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚，该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。

He has some vague ideas about what to do,but nothing specific.
他大概知道他要做什么，但没有具体的计划。

unclear a.指句意、字迹不清楚，使人难以看懂；不肯定的。

Unclear writing is difficult to understand.
模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。

It is unclear whether the economy will get better.
经济是否好转仍不明朗。

dim a.光线暗淡的，看不清的；记忆力模糊的；不大可能的。

Don't work in dim light.
不要在昏暗的光线下工作。

His changes of recovery from illness are dim.
他康复的可能性十分渺茫
allocate,separate,detach,divide
allocate,separate,detach,divide这一组动词都有“分开”的意思。

allocate v.分配，把……拨给。

The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。

separate v.人为地分开，使隔离开。

We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.
我们把沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开。

detach v.拆开组合的物体；远离，疏远。

We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.
我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来。

divide v.指将整体分为若干个部分。

The huge corporation divided into smaller companies.
这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司。

You can divide this between you.
这个你们可以两人平分。

Divide the cake with your brother.
和你兄弟分吃这块饼。

Divide it in half.
把它分成两半。

alleviate,diminish,reduce,decrease,decline
alleviate,diminish,reduce,decrease,decline这一组动词都有“减少，减轻”的意思。

alleviate v.在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和
The painkiller alleviated the pain.
止疼药减缓了疼痛。

diminish v.指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降。

The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.
由于战争石油的供应减少了。

reduce v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。

He reduced the amount of money they could spend.
他缩减了他们的开销。

decrease v.指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。

The population decreased a lot last year.
去年人口数量急剧下降。

decline v.(数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。

Last year,the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.
去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。

He declined our invitation to dinner.
他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。

alive,live,living,lively
alive,live,living,lively这一组形容词都跟“活”有关。

alive a.活着的，有活力的，常作表语，作定语时必须后置。

After the accident,he was barely alive.
交通事故后，他奄奄一息。

all man alive所有活着的人
live a.活的，有活力的，现场直播的，
We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.
我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。

living a.活着的，作定语可前可后，可修饰人也可修饰物。

Who is the world's greatest living artist?
谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家？
living room起居室
lively a.活泼的，栩栩如生的。

She is a lively young girl,always laughing and doing things.
她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘，总是欢声笑语忙个不停。

alert,cautious,considerate
alert,cautious,considerate这一组形容词都表示“小心的，谨慎的”。

alert a.警惕的，留神的。

The hostess remained standing,alert to every guest's drinking need.
女主人一直站在旁边，时刻准备给大家斟酒。

cautious a.细心的，谨慎的。

He has a cautious attitude about spending money.
在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。

considerate a.关心他人的，体贴的。

He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.
他总是很体谅他人，并且慈祥而富有同情心。

Since not everybody is so considerate,do what you can to stay healthy.
鉴于不是每个人都这么体贴，你要做任何可以让自己保持健康的事情。

He expressed gratitude to the King for his warm reception and considerate arrangement.他对国王陛下的热情款待和周到安排表示衷心感谢。

You have a choice in how you behave towards others.You can be generous,considerate and caring to the people around you or you can be selfish,self centered and always put your own interests first.
你可以选择如何对待别人.你可以是慷慨的,周到的和关怀的对待你周围的人,也可以是自私的,自我为中心的,并且常常把自己的兴趣放在首位.
aggravate,reinforce,increase,strengthen,intensify
aggravate,reinforce,increase,strengthen,intensify这一组动词都有“加强”的意思。

aggravate v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等)，使之恶化。

I hurt my foot,then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.
我的脚受伤了，而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。

reinforce v.增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动；(以添加材料等)加固。

A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.
一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行，用无线电话要求增援。

increase v.指数量上的增加。

The number of people has been increased.
人数增加了。

strengthen v.加强，巩固，增强，相当于to become stronger。

Exercising every day strengthens the heart.
每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。

Competition,they believe,strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。

intensify v.使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于to become more intense or intensive。

intensify colors
加深色彩
intensify hatred
加深仇恨
affirm,assert,allege,claim,announce,proclaim
affirm,assert,allege,claim,announce,proclaim这一组动词都有“声称”的意思。

affirm v.坚信不疑地肯定或宣称，是deny的反义词。

He affirmed his love for her.
他发誓爱她。

assert v.指不管事实如何，主观自信地宣称，或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。

She asserted that she was innocent.
她宣称自己是无辜的。

allege v.在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。

The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。

claim v.要求，声称，断言。

多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。

They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话，闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。

announce v.宣布，宣告。

多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度，常常带有预告的意味。

The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.
印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。

proclaim v.宣布；宣告(成立)。

指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方场合。

The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.
当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。

affiliate,link,attach,append
affiliate,link,attach,append这一组动词都有“附加”的意思。

affiliate v.加入，成为……一部分。

an affiliated middle school
一所附属中学
link v.将人或物连接起来。

The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.
群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。

attach v.将某物系在、贴在、附在另一物上。

I attached a note to my report with a paper clip.
我用别针将一张字条别在报告的后面。

append v.增加，附加(与attach的意思比较接近)。

The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.
律师在合同后又附加了两页。

Then type up to1500characters to append to your forum posts,and click Update.最多可以输入1500个字符来附加到论坛帖子中，然后单击更新。

Then take the top10searches,create HTML for each search,and append them to an ordered list.
然后对于前10个搜索，为每个搜索创建HTML，并将它们附加到一个排好序的列表。

Implementations generally append context to the application message at the source in order to establish the execution environment at the target.
实现一般会在源代码中将上下文附加在应用程序消息后面，以在目标处建立执行环境。

admit,confess,concede
admit,confess,concede这几个动词都有“承认”的意思。

admit v.指由于说服、再三追问而“承认”某一事实或过错。

I admit that you have a point.我承认你有理。

confess v.供认(罪行、过错等)，含有“坦白、招认”的意思。

He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了他的罪行。

concede v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误，但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认，还可以指“以退为进”的承认。

The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。

In fact,why should we concede them at all?
实际上，我们为什么要让步呢？
The government might do better to concede this one.
政府这次可能要做出更大让步。

If we are serious about coexisting with other species,we have to concede them territory.
如果我们确实希望与其它物种共存，我们必须给予他们领土。

adjust,regulate,rectify,amend,convert,alter,modify,transform,vary
adjust,regulate,rectify,amend,convert,alter,modify,transform,vary这九个动词都含有“调整、改变”的意思。

adjust v.一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整；修理。

I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.我调节了空调以保持凉爽。

regulate v.指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节，
使之准确工作或运行；多含有“控制”之意。

Lights are used to regulate the traffic.红绿灯被用来管制交通。

rectify v.纠正，校正(错误、文章、合同等)。

He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。

资料来源：育明考研考博官网。