定语从句分析

定语从句

一.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

结构：先行词+关系词（关系代词或关系副词）+从句剩余部分

The green team

The team in green

The team （who are wearing green）is from the UK.

先行词：也叫被修饰的词，一般为名词或代词

关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。

E.g.:哪一句是定从？Shanghai is no longer what it used to be.

Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.

二．关系代词

(1)用法口诀

①先行词在定从中指人，作主语：who,that ；人，宾语：who, whom, that,省略

②先行词在定从中指物，作主语：which,that ；物，宾语：which, that, 省略

③人，物，所属关系（...的）whose；Whose+n.=the +n.+ of which (物)

of whom (人)

④固定的结构such...as ，so...as, the same…as(先行词在定从中作主语或宾语)

(2)具体运用

1.The boys ___________ are playing football are from Class One.

2.My favourite teacher is Miss Burke= The teacher _____________ I like best is Miss Burke.

3.Football is a game ____________ is liked by most boys.

4. I made a sculpture in the Art class . I took the Art class.(合并成定从)

_____________________________________________________________________

5. He has a friend ____________ father is a doctor. =_________________

6.I once lived in a house __________ roof has fallen in. =_____________________

7.The girl is so beautiful ________ everyone likes her.(She is such a beautiful girl......)

8. The girl is so beautiful _______ everyone likes.

9.I bought the same pen ________ you bought yesterday.

10.I have never heard such a story __________ he tells.

三.关系副词

1. When=on which指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

I still remember the day (when I first came to the school. )

区分：I still remember the days ________ I spent with my parents.

I still remember the days _________ I travelled with my parents.

2. Where= in/at which指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

The house (where I lived ten years ago ）has been pulled down

区分： Shanghai is the city ________I was born.

Shanghai is the city ________ I visited last year. (visit= pay a visit to)

3. why指原因=for which，在定语从句中做原因状语（先行词一般为reason）

Please tell me the reason (why you missed the plane).

区分： I can’t believe the reason _________ he explained to me for his being late.

I don't know the reason ____________he looks unhappy today.

四.特殊用法

1.一些特殊词表示地点：situation，condition，position，case, point, stage, state关系词用where）

Eg:He’s got into a dangerous situation ________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.

We meet with a situation ________looks impossible to deal with.

2.the way 作先行词，关系词用in which; that; 省略不填

Eg: I don’t like the way __________ he talked to me.

The way ________ he used to solve the problem is great.

3. 限制性定语从句只能用that 的几种情况

(1)．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some 等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much 等不定代词修饰时

eg: Have you taken down everything _______ Mr. Li has said?

All ________is required to do has been done. 注意：all that= _________(名词性从句)

(2). 当先行词被序数词修饰时。例如：

The first/last place ________they visited in London was the Big Ben.

(3). 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

This is the best film________ I have seen.

(4). 当形容词被the very, the only修饰时

This is the very dictionary_______ is my brother’s.

After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing__________he owned.

(5). 以who, which开头的疑问句,为了避免who…who, which…which等重复

Who is the man______is standing there?

Which is the T-shirt_________fits me most?

(6). 当先行词既有人，也有物时

Can you remember the scientist and his theory(理论) ___________we have learned?

(7). 当that 在定语从句里充当表语时

He is no longer the man _______ he used to be.= He is no longer________ he used to be.

4.只用which不用that的情况

（1）先行词为物，且介词提前，只用which

对比：The plane_____________ we flew to Canada in is very comfortable.

The plane _____________ we flew to Canada is very comfortable.

（2）先行词是物，在非限制性定语从句（有逗号的定语从句），只用which

对比：The plane that/ which we flew to Canada in is very comfortable. 限制性定语从句

The plane, which we flew to Canada in, is very comfortable. 非限制性定语从句（有逗号）5.修饰人时只用who不用that的情况

1、注意固定搭配those(代人) who… 与he who… )

He who does not work hard won’ t pass the exam.

Those who are against the law should be punished.(注意谓语动词的单复数)

6.one of t he +复数名词，定语从句中的谓语动词，通常用复数形式，

the/only/the only one of the+复数名词，从句的谓语动词则要用单数形式

Tom is one of the boys who____________late that morning. 汤姆是那天早晨迟到的男生之一。

Tom is the very/the only one of the boys who_________late that morning.汤姆是那天早上唯一迟到的男生。