老年痴呆实验动物模型研制进展
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Mark S. Forman,Devika Lal, Bin Zhang, Deepa V. Dabir, Eric Swanson, Virginia M.Y. Lee,and John Q. Trojanowski The Journal of Neuroscience, 2005, 25:3539
_________________________________________________________________
病理表现
神经元纤维缠结
细胞内形成tau蛋白纤维
老年斑
细胞外形成 β淀粉样蛋白纤维
生化特点
Tau蛋白超磷酸化 Ab, Tau蛋白降低溶解性
类似AD 类似AD
行为改变
记忆力下降或丧Baidu Nhomakorabea,
神经元纤维缠结(N FT ) Neurofibrillary Tangles
Tau protein
(细胞内)
老年斑(SP) Senile Plaques
β淀粉样蛋白
β-Amyloid (Aβ)
(细胞外)
理想的老年痴呆实验动物模型标志 Idea AD Animal Models
老年痴呆病人
老年痴呆动物模型
老年痴呆实验动物模型种类 Types of AD Animal Models
基因种类:
正常和变异的基因 Normal and mutant genes
Tau 蛋白, Tau protein b淀粉样前蛋白 APP Presenin1, 2, PS1,2 载脂蛋白E, Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) 酶 b secratase Cyclin dependent kinase5 (CDK5) glycogen synthase kinase3 (GSK3)
基因表达的细胞
神经元细胞 neuron 神经胶质细胞 Neuronal glial cell
少突胶质细胞 Oligodendrocyte 星形胶质细胞 Astrocyte
Tau and APP double Tg mice. Lowis et al., Science 293:14871491
Makoto Higuchi, Bin Zhang, Mark S. Forman, Yasumasa Yoshiyama, John Q. Trojanowski, and Virginia M.-Y. Lee J. Neurosci., 25: 9434, 2005
老年痴呆实验动物模型种类(续) Types of AD Animal Models
基因数量
单基因模型 Single Tg model, Tau, APP, PS1
双基因模型 double Tg model, Tau+APP, APP+PS1
三基因模型 triple Tg model, Tau+APP+PS1
老年痴呆实验动物模型种类(续) Types of AD Animal Models
基因启动子种类
行为测试显示 记忆力下降或丧失
__________________________________________________________________
实验动物模型重复性, do not reduce the gene expressing level 实验动物模型实用性, drug screen, mechanism study
基因引入动物的方法
-Over express protein 转基因动物模型 transgenic animal model.
-基因敲除动物模型 gene knockout animal model
- 基因敲入动物模型 gene knockin animal model
-条件基因动物模型 conditional animal model
动物种类:
非脊椎动物模型 果蝇模型 Drosophila model 线虫模型 Nematode
Caenorhabditis elegans model 脊椎动物模型 小鼠模型 mouse model 大鼠模型 rat model
Götz et al., Molecular Psychiatry 9, 664
1. Prepare your DNA + promoter 2. Transform fertilized eggs Harvest freshly fertilized eggs before the sperm head has become a pronucleus. Inject the male pronucleus with your DNA. When the pronuclei have fused to form the diploid zygote nucleus, allow the zygote to divide by mitosis to form a 2-cell embryo. 3. Implant the embryos in a pseudopregnant foster mother and proceed offsprings.
Tau transgenic drosophila Jackson et al., Neuron 34:509-519
Tau transgeni c C. elegans. Kraemer et al., PNAS, 100:99829985
Alzheimer-type neuropathology in transgenic mice overexpressing V717F b-amyloid precursor protein. Dora Games et al., Nature 373, 523527
老年痴呆实验动物模型研制进展
美国老年痴呆病人数量 (百万) AD Patients In USA
Numbers of AD Patients (Million)
AD Patients (Million) In USA
20
15
14
10
4.5
5
2.25
0 1980
2005 Year
2050
老年痴呆神经病理 Neuropathology of AD
_________________________________________________________________
病理表现
神经元纤维缠结
细胞内形成tau蛋白纤维
老年斑
细胞外形成 β淀粉样蛋白纤维
生化特点
Tau蛋白超磷酸化 Ab, Tau蛋白降低溶解性
类似AD 类似AD
行为改变
记忆力下降或丧Baidu Nhomakorabea,
神经元纤维缠结(N FT ) Neurofibrillary Tangles
Tau protein
(细胞内)
老年斑(SP) Senile Plaques
β淀粉样蛋白
β-Amyloid (Aβ)
(细胞外)
理想的老年痴呆实验动物模型标志 Idea AD Animal Models
老年痴呆病人
老年痴呆动物模型
老年痴呆实验动物模型种类 Types of AD Animal Models
基因种类:
正常和变异的基因 Normal and mutant genes
Tau 蛋白, Tau protein b淀粉样前蛋白 APP Presenin1, 2, PS1,2 载脂蛋白E, Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) 酶 b secratase Cyclin dependent kinase5 (CDK5) glycogen synthase kinase3 (GSK3)
基因表达的细胞
神经元细胞 neuron 神经胶质细胞 Neuronal glial cell
少突胶质细胞 Oligodendrocyte 星形胶质细胞 Astrocyte
Tau and APP double Tg mice. Lowis et al., Science 293:14871491
Makoto Higuchi, Bin Zhang, Mark S. Forman, Yasumasa Yoshiyama, John Q. Trojanowski, and Virginia M.-Y. Lee J. Neurosci., 25: 9434, 2005
老年痴呆实验动物模型种类(续) Types of AD Animal Models
基因数量
单基因模型 Single Tg model, Tau, APP, PS1
双基因模型 double Tg model, Tau+APP, APP+PS1
三基因模型 triple Tg model, Tau+APP+PS1
老年痴呆实验动物模型种类(续) Types of AD Animal Models
基因启动子种类
行为测试显示 记忆力下降或丧失
__________________________________________________________________
实验动物模型重复性, do not reduce the gene expressing level 实验动物模型实用性, drug screen, mechanism study
基因引入动物的方法
-Over express protein 转基因动物模型 transgenic animal model.
-基因敲除动物模型 gene knockout animal model
- 基因敲入动物模型 gene knockin animal model
-条件基因动物模型 conditional animal model
动物种类:
非脊椎动物模型 果蝇模型 Drosophila model 线虫模型 Nematode
Caenorhabditis elegans model 脊椎动物模型 小鼠模型 mouse model 大鼠模型 rat model
Götz et al., Molecular Psychiatry 9, 664
1. Prepare your DNA + promoter 2. Transform fertilized eggs Harvest freshly fertilized eggs before the sperm head has become a pronucleus. Inject the male pronucleus with your DNA. When the pronuclei have fused to form the diploid zygote nucleus, allow the zygote to divide by mitosis to form a 2-cell embryo. 3. Implant the embryos in a pseudopregnant foster mother and proceed offsprings.
Tau transgenic drosophila Jackson et al., Neuron 34:509-519
Tau transgeni c C. elegans. Kraemer et al., PNAS, 100:99829985
Alzheimer-type neuropathology in transgenic mice overexpressing V717F b-amyloid precursor protein. Dora Games et al., Nature 373, 523527
老年痴呆实验动物模型研制进展
美国老年痴呆病人数量 (百万) AD Patients In USA
Numbers of AD Patients (Million)
AD Patients (Million) In USA
20
15
14
10
4.5
5
2.25
0 1980
2005 Year
2050
老年痴呆神经病理 Neuropathology of AD