管理学第四讲
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– Euro - common currency
Assertion 认为of economic power against U.S. and Japan created one of the world’s richest markets
Prentice Hall, 2002 4-9
European Union Countries
Prentice Hall, 2002
4-10
Understanding The Global Environment (cont.)
Regional Trading Alliances (cont.)
– North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA)
links economies of U.S., Mexico, and Canada since 1994, eliminated barriers to free trade such as tariffs, import licensing requirements, customs user fees
What’s Your Global Perspective? (cont.)
Polycentric Attitude多中心的 – belief that host-country managers know the best work approaches and practices – let foreign employees determine work practices Geocentric Attitude全球中心 – focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe – look for the best approaches and people Prentice Hall, 2002 4-7 regardless of the country of origin
Prentice Hall, 2002 4-3
Who Owns What?
Global Environment – national borders have become increasingly irrelevant过时，不切题 irrelevant – has potential for dramatic expansion of organizations – presents numerous challenges for managers
4-13
ASEAN Members
Prentice Hall, 2002
4-14
Understanding The Global Environment (cont.) Different Types of Global Organizations
– multinational corporation (MNC)在母国总部管理 在
maintain significant operations in multiple countries but are managed from a base in the home country exemplifies 以为例证 the ethnocentric attitude 民族中心主义
Prentice Hall, 2002 4-17
How Organizations Go Global (cont.)
4-5
Manpower Exxon Mobil Colgate-Palmolive Texas Instruments Avon McDonald’s Coca-Cola Gillette
Prentice Hall, 2002
What’s Your Global Perspective?
Parochialism乡土主义 – nation views the world solely through its own eyes and perspectives – people do not recognize that other people have different ways of living and working – significant obstacle 阻碍for global managers Ethnocentric Attitude民族主义的 – parochialistic belief that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country国内的做法最好 Prentice Hall, trust in foreign employees with key 4-6 – lack 2002 decisions or technology
– other Latin American free-trade blocs
Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur)
Prentice Hall, 2002 4-11
Mercousur Members
Chapter 4 MANAGING IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
Prentice Hall, 2002 4-1
Learning Objectives
You should learn to: – Explain the importance of viewing management from a global perspective – Identify the three different attitudes towards global business三种全球观 – Describe the different regional trading alliances贸易联盟 – Explain why so many countries have become part of regional trading alliances – Contrast multinational, transnational, and Prentice Hall, 2002 4-2 borderless organizations三种类型的全球组织
exporting - making products and selling them overseas importing - selling products at home that are made overseas
– most organizations start doing business globally this way – involves minimal investment and minimal risk
Prentice Hall, 2002
4-12
Understanding The Global Environment (cont.)
Regional Trading Alliances (cont.)
– Association of Southeast Asian Naቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱions
(ASEAN)
alliance of 10 Southeast Asian nations created in one of the fastest growing economic regions in the world could rival NAFTA and EU
Prentice Hall, 2002
Prentice Hall, 2002 4-4
Company
Revenues From Non-U.S. Operations For Selected Companies Non-U.S. Revenues
as Percent of Total 77.0% 71.8 71.6 67.8 65.8 61.6 61.2 60.1
Prentice Hall, 2002 4-15
Understanding The Global Environment (cont.) Different Types of Global Organizations (cont.) – borderless organization
eliminates structural divisions that impose artificial geographical barriers an attempt to increase efficiency and effectiveness in a competitive global marketplace exemplifies the geocentric attitude全球中心论
a unified economic and trade entity a single market without barriers to travel, employment, investment, and trade Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
Learning Objectives (cont.)
You should learn to: – Describe the typical stages by which organizations go global 组织全球化的典型阶 段 – Explain the four dimensions of country culture – Describe U.S. culture according to the four dimensions of country culture – Identify the adjustment challenges faced by a manager on global assignment
Key Information about Three Global Attitudes
Prentice Hall, 2002
4-8
Understanding The Global Environment
Regional Trading Alliances
– global competition is influenced by regional trading and cooperation agreements – The European Union - created by Maastrict Treaty in 1992
– transnational corporation (TNC)在从事经营的所在国分散 在
管理
maintains significant operations in more than one country but decentralizes management to the local country nationals hired to run operations in each country marketing strategies tailored for each country exemplifies the polycentric attitude 多中心
Prentice Hall, 2002 4-16
How Organizations Go Global
Three Stages
– each stage requires more investment globally and entails 承担 more risk
Stage I
– nominal steps toward being a global business
Assertion 认为of economic power against U.S. and Japan created one of the world’s richest markets
Prentice Hall, 2002 4-9
European Union Countries
Prentice Hall, 2002
4-10
Understanding The Global Environment (cont.)
Regional Trading Alliances (cont.)
– North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA)
links economies of U.S., Mexico, and Canada since 1994, eliminated barriers to free trade such as tariffs, import licensing requirements, customs user fees
What’s Your Global Perspective? (cont.)
Polycentric Attitude多中心的 – belief that host-country managers know the best work approaches and practices – let foreign employees determine work practices Geocentric Attitude全球中心 – focuses on using the best approaches and people from around the globe – look for the best approaches and people Prentice Hall, 2002 4-7 regardless of the country of origin
Prentice Hall, 2002 4-3
Who Owns What?
Global Environment – national borders have become increasingly irrelevant过时，不切题 irrelevant – has potential for dramatic expansion of organizations – presents numerous challenges for managers
4-13
ASEAN Members
Prentice Hall, 2002
4-14
Understanding The Global Environment (cont.) Different Types of Global Organizations
– multinational corporation (MNC)在母国总部管理 在
maintain significant operations in multiple countries but are managed from a base in the home country exemplifies 以为例证 the ethnocentric attitude 民族中心主义
Prentice Hall, 2002 4-17
How Organizations Go Global (cont.)
4-5
Manpower Exxon Mobil Colgate-Palmolive Texas Instruments Avon McDonald’s Coca-Cola Gillette
Prentice Hall, 2002
What’s Your Global Perspective?
Parochialism乡土主义 – nation views the world solely through its own eyes and perspectives – people do not recognize that other people have different ways of living and working – significant obstacle 阻碍for global managers Ethnocentric Attitude民族主义的 – parochialistic belief that the best work approaches and practices are those of the home country国内的做法最好 Prentice Hall, trust in foreign employees with key 4-6 – lack 2002 decisions or technology
– other Latin American free-trade blocs
Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) Southern Cone Common Market (Mercosur)
Prentice Hall, 2002 4-11
Mercousur Members
Chapter 4 MANAGING IN A GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
Prentice Hall, 2002 4-1
Learning Objectives
You should learn to: – Explain the importance of viewing management from a global perspective – Identify the three different attitudes towards global business三种全球观 – Describe the different regional trading alliances贸易联盟 – Explain why so many countries have become part of regional trading alliances – Contrast multinational, transnational, and Prentice Hall, 2002 4-2 borderless organizations三种类型的全球组织
exporting - making products and selling them overseas importing - selling products at home that are made overseas
– most organizations start doing business globally this way – involves minimal investment and minimal risk
Prentice Hall, 2002
4-12
Understanding The Global Environment (cont.)
Regional Trading Alliances (cont.)
– Association of Southeast Asian Naቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱions
(ASEAN)
alliance of 10 Southeast Asian nations created in one of the fastest growing economic regions in the world could rival NAFTA and EU
Prentice Hall, 2002
Prentice Hall, 2002 4-4
Company
Revenues From Non-U.S. Operations For Selected Companies Non-U.S. Revenues
as Percent of Total 77.0% 71.8 71.6 67.8 65.8 61.6 61.2 60.1
Prentice Hall, 2002 4-15
Understanding The Global Environment (cont.) Different Types of Global Organizations (cont.) – borderless organization
eliminates structural divisions that impose artificial geographical barriers an attempt to increase efficiency and effectiveness in a competitive global marketplace exemplifies the geocentric attitude全球中心论
a unified economic and trade entity a single market without barriers to travel, employment, investment, and trade Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)
Learning Objectives (cont.)
You should learn to: – Describe the typical stages by which organizations go global 组织全球化的典型阶 段 – Explain the four dimensions of country culture – Describe U.S. culture according to the four dimensions of country culture – Identify the adjustment challenges faced by a manager on global assignment
Key Information about Three Global Attitudes
Prentice Hall, 2002
4-8
Understanding The Global Environment
Regional Trading Alliances
– global competition is influenced by regional trading and cooperation agreements – The European Union - created by Maastrict Treaty in 1992
– transnational corporation (TNC)在从事经营的所在国分散 在
管理
maintains significant operations in more than one country but decentralizes management to the local country nationals hired to run operations in each country marketing strategies tailored for each country exemplifies the polycentric attitude 多中心
Prentice Hall, 2002 4-16
How Organizations Go Global
Three Stages
– each stage requires more investment globally and entails 承担 more risk
Stage I
– nominal steps toward being a global business