(卫生经济学课件)CBA
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– CEA/CUA address mainly questions of production efficiency, in contrast, CBA address both production efficiency and allocative efficiency
3
Measure of benefit
5
Human capital approach (2)
• It places monetary weights on healthy time using market wage rates and the value of the program is assessed in terms of the present value of future earnings.
• From a societal perspective the analyst would need to consider the value of healthy time gained that is not sold for a wage.
– Shadow price on non-marketed resources:
(卫生经济学课件)CBA
Concept of CBA
• CBA compares the discounted future streams of program benefits with program costs.
• The goal of CBA is to identify whether the a program’s benefits exceed its costs.
• opportunity cost of time
• a replacement cost
7
Revealed preference approach
• To examine the relationship between particular health risks associated with a hazardous job and wage rates that individuals require to accept the job.
status
• These benefits can be measured by
– Human capital approach – revealed preferences – stated preferences of willingness-to-pay
4
Human capital approach (1)
• Benefits can be divided into
– intangible benefits which are the value of improved health
– future health care costs avoided – increased productive output due to improved health
• The strength is that it is based on actual consumer choices involving health versus money, rather than hypothetical scenarios and preference statements.
– To value all aspects of health improvements – To value part of the benefits of health care
interventions, using earnings data as a means of valuing productivity changes only.
• The weakness is that estimated values have varied widely and estimation seems to be context and jobspecific. In the real life, the choice of job is not only depended on the risk. Many factors confound the relationship between wage and health risBiblioteka Baidu.
• A positive net social benefit indicates a program is worthwhile.
• In CBA, program consequences are valued in monetary units, becoming benefits.
2
Difference between CBA and CEA/CUA
6
Difficulties of human capital approach
• In theory wage rates reflect the marginal productivity of a worker, but it may reflect inequities such as discrimination by race or gender.
• CBA is broader in scope than CEA/CUA
– can compare programs within and between sectors of the economy to inform resource allocation decision
– can tell if the programme is worthwhile or not, but CEA/CUA cannot
• Utilisation of health care programme can be viewed as an investment in a person’s human capital.
• In measuring the pay-back on this investment the value of the healthy time produced can be quantified in terms of the person’s renewed or increased production in the market-place.
3
Measure of benefit
5
Human capital approach (2)
• It places monetary weights on healthy time using market wage rates and the value of the program is assessed in terms of the present value of future earnings.
• From a societal perspective the analyst would need to consider the value of healthy time gained that is not sold for a wage.
– Shadow price on non-marketed resources:
(卫生经济学课件)CBA
Concept of CBA
• CBA compares the discounted future streams of program benefits with program costs.
• The goal of CBA is to identify whether the a program’s benefits exceed its costs.
• opportunity cost of time
• a replacement cost
7
Revealed preference approach
• To examine the relationship between particular health risks associated with a hazardous job and wage rates that individuals require to accept the job.
status
• These benefits can be measured by
– Human capital approach – revealed preferences – stated preferences of willingness-to-pay
4
Human capital approach (1)
• Benefits can be divided into
– intangible benefits which are the value of improved health
– future health care costs avoided – increased productive output due to improved health
• The strength is that it is based on actual consumer choices involving health versus money, rather than hypothetical scenarios and preference statements.
– To value all aspects of health improvements – To value part of the benefits of health care
interventions, using earnings data as a means of valuing productivity changes only.
• The weakness is that estimated values have varied widely and estimation seems to be context and jobspecific. In the real life, the choice of job is not only depended on the risk. Many factors confound the relationship between wage and health risBiblioteka Baidu.
• A positive net social benefit indicates a program is worthwhile.
• In CBA, program consequences are valued in monetary units, becoming benefits.
2
Difference between CBA and CEA/CUA
6
Difficulties of human capital approach
• In theory wage rates reflect the marginal productivity of a worker, but it may reflect inequities such as discrimination by race or gender.
• CBA is broader in scope than CEA/CUA
– can compare programs within and between sectors of the economy to inform resource allocation decision
– can tell if the programme is worthwhile or not, but CEA/CUA cannot
• Utilisation of health care programme can be viewed as an investment in a person’s human capital.
• In measuring the pay-back on this investment the value of the healthy time produced can be quantified in terms of the person’s renewed or increased production in the market-place.