国际贸易实务(英文版)3.Export Price

Examples:
USD225.30/piece CIF New York FOB Guangzhou EUR12.80/set
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3.2 Pricing considerations
Cost
Cost of production
Direct cost: material costs, labour costs, allocation of fixed costs, packing costs, etc. Administrative costs: overhead
Payment terms
The lower the financing charges, the higher the risk of payment
Other factors to be considered
foreign exchange rates international market price for similar products policies and regulations in a particular market area
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3.3 Calculation of price
Item Manufacturing cost + Export packaging (depending on mode of transport) + Profit margin – Discounts/rebates/volume discounts/sales commission = Selling price ex works (EXW) + Transport costs from plant to place of loading (train/truck) = Selling price free carrier (FCA) + Transport costs from place of loading to shipping port + Unloading at harbour + Transport insurance to shipping port = Selling price free alongside ship (FAS) + Storage costs, terminal handling charge (THC), loading onto ship + Costs for export clearance + Commission of port agent Sub-Total Total
Table 3.1 Costing Worksheet
Baidu Nhomakorabea
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3.3 Calculation of price
= Selling price free on board (FOB) + Freight to port of destination = Selling price cost and freight (CFR) + Insurance = Selling price cost, insurance, freight (CIF) + Additional costs for full transport insurance = Price ex ship (DES) + Costs of import clearance + Unloading, THC + Costs for documents (ie delivery order) = Selling price delivered ex-quay (DEQ) + Land transport costs to nominated destination + Full transport to destination = Selling price delivered duty unpaid (DDU) + Costs of customs duty = Price delivered duty paid (DDP)
Chapter Three
Export Price
3.1 Expression of export price
Four components in a standard format of a price:
A code of currency: USD, CAD,CNY, EUR, GBP A number indicating the price unit A unit for measuring quantity: kg, gr, m/t, yd, set A certain trade term: FOB, CFR, CIF
Cost of sales
Marketing costs: advertising, sales trip expenses, commissions intermediary services
Cost of delivery
Warehousing and transporting charge, insurance premium, taxes and tariffs, customs duties
Referring to the consumption power, income level, supply and demand relationship The higher the capital income of the target market, the higher the price
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3.2 Pricing considerations
Anticipated profit margin
in an absolute number in a percentage → profit margin
Capability of target market