最新可转让信用证主要当事人风险及防范

可转让信用证主要当事人风险及防范

可转让信用证主要当事人风险及防范

摘要：可转让信用证是信用证的一种特殊形式，随着国际贸易中各种间接贸易的发展，可转让信用证应运而生，为以中间商为中介的贸易方式提供了信用基础，使用的范围逐步扩展到结算、履约、融资等各个领域，在国际经济交往中的地位也日益重要起来。由于可转让信用证自身的特点，使得可转让信用证当事人除了要面对像其它信用证一般的风险外，还要应对可转让信用证特殊的风险，例如转让行信用风险、第二受益人要面临中间商的换单风险、第一受益人的议付风险等，这些风险已经严重的影响了可转让信用证的运用和发展，阻碍了中间商贸易的发展。所以对可转让信用证风险的研究有重要的现实意义，特别是对于我们这样一个贸易大国，在金融危机的今天，可转让信用证的作用显得尤其重要，对可转让信用证风险及

防范的研究更是迫在眉睫。新的国际惯例《跟单信用证统一惯例》国际商会第 600 号出版物的出台，对可转让信用证风险控制起到一定的积极作用，但仍存在很多难以解决的问题，对可转让信用证风险及防范的研究也随之提上了日程。当前，对可转让信用证的研究还比欠缺，主要是对其基本知识的介绍，特别是对于其风险的研究没有一个系统的、规范的体系。该文首先采用定性分析和对比分析的方法对可转让信用证主要当事人之间的法律关系深入的研究，揭示了风险存在的根源；可转让信用证风险有多种存在形式，第一受益人和进口商面临着供货商的违约风险，第二受益人面临中间商的换单风险，转让行的资格确认的风险等，文章分别从信用风险、操作风险和融资风险三个角度做了详细的论述；而风险的防范是写作的重点，主要从事前的预防、过程的控制和事后的补救三个角度对可转让信用证的主要当事人各自应采取的措施进行了详尽的阐述，以期对实践中可转让信用证风险的防范以及更好的发挥其作用有所帮助。

关键词：可转让信用证 UCP600 风险防范

The Risk and Precaution of Main Parties in

Transferable Letter of Gredit

Abstract ：Transferable letter of credit is a special form of letters of credit. With the development of a variety of indirect international trade, transferable L/C credit came into being, providing the basic credit for intermediary trade. The use of transferable L/C has expanded gradually to the scope of the settlement, compliance, finance and other fields, and plays an increasingly important position in international business. Owing to the characteristics of their own, the parties of transferable L/C have to face risk in general as the parties in common L/C, but also to deal with special risks of transferable L/C, such as the credit risk of transferring bank, the risk

of broker document changing faced by the second beneficiaries, the risk of the first beneficiaries’ negotiation, etc. These risks have influenced seriously the use

and development of transferable L/C, and hinder the development of intermediary trade. So the risk research of transferable L/C has important practical significance, especially for such a large trading nations, the financial crisis at today, the role of transferable letter of credit is particularly important which is urgent. New introduction of international practice UCP600 plays a positive role in risk control of the transferable L/C, but there are still lots of difficult problems, and the study of risk in the transferable L/C also put on the agenda. Primarily depth study of the legal relationship between the parties revealed the existence of the root causes of risk by the method of qualitative analysis and comparative analysis, and made a detailed analysis of the form of risk. The risk can have a variety of forms of existence, the first beneficiary and importers are faced with the risk of supplier default, the second beneficiary is facing a single risk for the brokers, transfer line to confirm the qualifications of the risks. The article discussed in detail separately from credit risk, operational risk and financial risk. And the risk prevention is the focus of writing, It expatiates the main parties’ measures respectively from the beforehand Process control and subsequent remedial in detail, and wish it helpful prevent the transferable of L/C risk in practice, as well as its better to play its role.

Key Words: Transferable letter of credit；UCP600；Risk；Precaution