倒装 强调 省略

倒装强调省略

倒装（Inversion）

一. 在英语中，主语和谓语的语序通常是主语在前，谓语在后。但有时谓语的全部或一部分却提到主语面前，这种语序叫做“倒装”。倒装的原因是一语法结构的需要，二是为了强调。

二. 倒装分成部分倒装和完全倒装（全部倒装）

部分倒装：把be动词,助动词或情态动词放在主语之前。

完全倒装：整个谓语置于主语前（此时的谓语是一个单个形式，不借助动词）。

如：1. Not only did he come , but he went to her . (部分倒装)

助动词主语谓语

2. From the window came the sound of music (完全倒装)

介词短语谓语主语

三. 高中英语学习中应掌握的知识点。

1．在一般疑问句和特殊疑问句中。

如：Is the person’s blood circulating ?

Why did Hawking need a PHD ?

How can we grow rice in areas where there is little water ?

2．在there be 结构中：

如：There is a rumor that a large company wants to build a factory in your town .

There will be a basketball match this afternoon .

3. 在here , there 或out ,in , up , down , away 副词开头的句子里，

以示强调。

如：The bell goes there. (原句) →There goes the bell. (倒装句)

The bus comes here. (原句)→H ere comes the bus .(倒装句)

The children rushed out. (原句)→Out rushed the children .(倒装句) The boy went away. (原句) →Away went the boy.(倒装句)

注意：主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语的语序不变。

如：Here it is . (原句) →Away she went . (倒装句)

4. 直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时也用倒装。

“Oh , yes , my pass . ”said Lenin .

“噢，是的，我的通行证”列宁说。

“It looks as if a typhoon is coming .”said the captain .

注意：主语是代词时不倒装。

例如：“Sorry , but I didn’t know ”, he answered .

5. only 所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时

如：We can succeed only by working hard (原句)

Only by working hard can we succeed. (倒装句)

只有努力，我们才会成功。

You realize its value only you lose your health .(原句)

Only when you lose your health do you realize its value . (倒装句)

6．含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，句子构成倒装。

这些副词或连词有：little , few , not , never , not only , in no way (决

不), hardly , scarcely (几乎不）,barely （几乎不）, no sooner …than…

(一……就……), hardly/scarcely…when…(一……就……),at no time (决

不)等。

如：I have never heard of such a thing.（原句）

→Never have I heard of such a thing .(倒装句).

我从未听说这种事。

I know little about him (原句)

→Little do I know about him. (倒装句).

The thief had no sooner the policeman than he run away (原句)

→No sooner had the thief seen the policeman than he run away .

（从句倒装,主句不倒装).

He not only came , but also he went to see her . (原句)

→Not only did he come , but he went to see her (倒装句).

他不但来了，还去看她。

7．把副词so 放在句子首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个

人或物。

其句型：so + be (have , 助动词或情态动词) + 主语。

如：Mary likes flowers, and I like flowers, too.(原句)

→Mary likes flowers , so do I .（倒装句）玛丽喜欢花，我也喜欢。

You are a good student , and he is , too .(原句)

→You are a good student , so is he . (倒装句)

John had been working hard and Mary had , too . (原句)

→John had been working hard and so had Mary .(倒装句)

8．把neither , nor 放在句首，表示前面的否定的内容，也适于另

一个人或物。

其句型是：neither(nor) + be(have , 助动词或情态动词) + 主语。

如：You do not smoke ; and I don’t , either. (原句)

→You do not smoke ; nor do I..( 倒装句). 你不抽烟，我也不抽烟。

John will not come , and his brother won’t , either。(原句)

→John will not come and nor will his brother . (倒装句). 约翰不来，他

哥也不来。

I didn’t read the notice on the blackboard , he did n’t ,either.(原句)

→I didn’t read the notice on the blac kboard, nor did he .(倒装句)

9. 作地点状语的介词短词位于句首时，句子构成倒装。其目的为

了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接。

如：An old man lay under the tree . (原句)

→Under the tree lay an old man .(倒装句) 树上躺着一位老人。

An old temple stands on the top of the mountain .(原句) →

→On the top of the mountain stands an old temple . (倒装句)

10．在省略if 的虚拟条件句中，将were , should , had 移于主

语前时。

如：If John were here now , he would give me a hand. (原句)

→Were John here now , he would give me a hand .(倒装句)

If you had studies hard , you would have passed the exam .（原句）

→Had you studied hard , you would have passed the exam.（倒

装句）

If it should rain tomorrow , I would stay at home .(原句)

→Should it rain tomorrow , I would stay at home (倒装句)

11．在(形容词/副词/名词）+ as ”的让步状语从句中。

如：Although he worked hard , he failed . (原句)

→Hard as/though he worked , he failed .(倒装句)他虽然努力，但

却失败了。

Although he is rich , he is not happy .(原句)

→Rich as he is , he is not happy . （倒装句）虽然他富有，但也

不快乐。

Although she is a woman , she is brave .(原句)

→Woman as she is , she is brave . (倒装句) 虽然他是个女人，但

很勇敢。

注意：名词放在句首时，寇词要省去。

12.在“not …until…”句型中，当not until 移至句首时，前面的

从句不倒装，后面的主句应使用部分倒装。

如：He didn’t leave for work until I came back (原句)

→Not until I came back did he leave for work.(倒装句)

13. 在“so …that , such…that”句型结构中把so ,such 移于前面句首

时。

如：Jim was so happy that he couldn’t help dancing .(原句)

→So happy was Jim that he couldn’t help dancing .(倒装句)

吉姆如此高兴以至于他情不自禁跳起来舞来。

强调（Ellipse）

强调的四种常见的句型

1．使用强调句型：It is / was + that /whom/whom + 其它部分。这种句

型用来强调句子中的主语，宾语，状语（从句）。表示“正是……”。(略,

详见it的用法)

2.助动词did / do / does + 动词原形，强调谓语，表示“确实”。

如“She looks well .( 原句)→She does look well (强调谓语)

You gave me a shock .(原句)→You did give me a shock .(强调谓语)

3．使用否定句：难道……？

You can do it better . (原句)→Can’t you do it better ?难道你不能做得更

好吧？

4. 使用the very / right + n , 恰是/ 正是……