高中英语必修五第一单元知识点讲义及习题

必修五Unit1讲义

characteristic n. 特征；特性指某人或某物天生有别于他人的内部特质

Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing.

character （高考三大意思）

1. 表示人的“性格”或“品质”

They are twins but have quite different characters.

It's that kind of courage and determination that makes him such a remarkable character 2. 表示小说或戏剧等中的“人物”或“角色”，是可数名词。如：

Who is the main character in the play?

3. 表示“文字”，指书写符号或印刷符号等，是可数名词。如：

He writes beautiful characters.

Chinese character 汉字

analyse sb's character

build and form one's character

radium n. 镭

painter n. 画家；油漆匠

必修注意：paint做动词两个意思：1. 绘画 2. 粉刷，油漆

put forward 提出；把时钟往前拨，把东西往前移（常忘记的词组）

Who put forward a theory about black holes?

He put forward a new plan.

Put your watch forward; it's five minutes slower.

Why don't you put your chair forward to get a better view?

put down 记下；放下；镇压put out 熄灭

put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期

put up；举起；张贴；搭建put on 穿上；上映，上演；增加

put away 收好，整理，归类

The band are hoping to put on a UK show before the end of the year.

I can eat what I want but I never put on weight

We should put aside our differences and discuss the things we have in common

scientific adj. 科学的

conclude vt. & vi. 结束；推断出

conclusion n. 结论；结束

draw a conclusion 提出结论

analyse vt. 分析

infect vt. 传染；感染（病毒，疾病），或者污染（比如说水质被污染不干净了）affect effect 辨析

affect强调影响的动作，过程。（做动词）

The divorce affected Jim deeply

Climate and weather affect every aspect of our lives

effect强调影响的结果（一般做名词，有时也动词），常接句型：have an effect on sth. If an area is affected by flooding, the effect can be devastating。

infectious adj. 传染的

defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫n. 失败

[辨析]win, beat与defeat

win “赢得”赛事、战事、某物；beat “战胜”“击败”比赛中的对手，可与defeat互换

We beat / defeated their team by 10 scores.

They won the battle but lost many men.

The local ball team won the state championship by beating / defeating all the other teams. expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的n. 专家；行家

attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加（照顾可加to也可不加）

attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting/school

attend to : to look after, care for, serve伺候, 照顾，看护

The queen had a good doctor attending （on ）her.

Mother had to attend to her sick son.

physician n. 医生；内科医师physicist:物理学家

doctor 医生,是个通用词,几乎什么场合都能用.

physician 主要是指“内科医生”,与“外科医生（surgeon）（此单词要背）”相对,当然在美语中我也经常听到普通医生也说surgeon.

expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光

expose…to（to做介词）使显露；暴露

But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(书本原句) 但当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通人时，他就感到很振奋。exposed to cholera 在句中是过去分词作后置定语，表示被动。意为“患霍乱的”。如：

The book written by Luxun is very popular.

The man seen by us yesterday is Professor Smith.

expose sb/sth to sth He exposes his skin to the sun.

be exposed to sth.(to做介词)

His skin is exposed to the sun

We are supposed to be exposed to as much art and culture as possible.