广东省高考英语 作文专题四 议论文型 读写任务

专题四议论文型读写任务

写议论文要抓住文章的主要信息点，剔除细节信息是写摘要的基本要求。

议论文的内容包括“观点(或问题)、论据、结论”三个方面，所以摘要就是把这三个方面说清楚。

重点诠释：

1．议论文是以议论为主要表达方式的一种文体，它通过摆事实，讲道理的方式来辩明是非曲折，从而表达出作者的观点。它常由论点，论据和论证三部分构成。

2．在近几年的高考书面表达中，其主要命题形式是以表格式和提纲式来呈现写作材料的。3．它要求语言必须简练，准确，要尽可能避免使用口语，多用书面语，可适当使用名言警句；以议论为主，辅之以叙述，说明和描写等手法。

4．写作时要围绕中心论点展开议论，即论据和论证要围绕论点展开。根据题目要求，有时需要从正反两面来论述，可增强论证的力度。最后，可得出结论，照应开头，形成一个有机的整体。

5．写作时常以三段式的形式展开议论。

注意：议论文的主体部分是论证的过程，论据占有很大的部分，但在写摘要的时候，不需要详细写论证的过程，因为它有很多细节信息，而细节信息是写摘要所应该剔除的，所以议论文的摘要应当将“观点、论据、结论”三个方面同等对待。

(一)审读阅读材料[寻找作者的观点、论据和结论]

(二)概括原文观点[转述作者的观点、论据和结论]

(三)提出自己观点[赞成或反对]

(四)论证自己观点[用事例论证自己的观点]

(五) 结论

例题：[2010·广东] 阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

In junior high school, one of my classmates, Ethan, was addicted to TV. This boy simply knew everything about such po p shows as Who’s the Boss? Then one day Ethan’s mother made him an offer in order to

draw him back to his school subjects. She promised that she would give him $200 if he could go a full month without watching any TV. None of us thought Ethan could do it, but he did quit TV. His mom paid him $200.He went out and bought a TV, the biggest he could find.

In recent years, hundreds of schools have carried out experiments with paying kids with cash for showing up or getting good grades. All school kids admire this trend. But it upsets adults. Teachers say that we are rewarding kids for doing what they should be doing of their own will.Psychologists warn

that money can actually make kids perform worse by making the act of learning cheap. The debate has become a typical battle over why our kids are not learning at the rate

they should be despite decades of reforms and budget increases.

[写作内容]

1．以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。

2．以约120个词对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的现象进行议论，内容包括：

(1)你对用金钱鼓励孩子学习的看法。

(2)你的父母(或其他亲人)是如何鼓励你学习的。

(3)你认为怎样才能更好地鼓励孩子学习。

[写作要求]

1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

[评分标准]

概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Competition and Cooperation

Competition is common in our daily life now, and it exists everywhere. But it is very important. We always expect to do better than others in study, sports, and business and so on. It is believed that in a certain sense competition can propel the advancement of our society.

For example, to build a skyscraper we need the combined efforts of the workers, or a beautiful blueprint would never be turned into a high building. A cooperative architect will not shut himself in his office. Instead, he will visit the construction site and talk with other engineers and the workers to solve the problems that occur in the process of construction. A cooperative worker bears in mind the designs of the engineers every moment he is on the scaffold. A smart building is the crystallization of collective wisdom and skills.

On the other hand, competition is also important in modern society. If you were a businessman and want customers to buy your products, you have to compete with others. If you want to find a good job you have to be competitive. What’s more, by attempting to compete at different activities, we learn to win and to lose. We learn our strengths and weaknesses.

Cooperation and competition are closely related. Actually both of them are required in many activities. For instance, in learning English, we compete with each other. As a result, we all make great progress. But in the meantime, our study also demands teamwork. We often help each other by pointing out each other’s mistakes and exchanging ideas.

[写作内容]

1．以约30个词概括短文的要点。

2．然后以约120个词就“竞争与合作”的主题发表看法，并包括如下要点：

(1)竞争是我们生活中的一种普遍现象。

(2)竞争和合作是密不可分的。

(3)我的看法。

[写作要求]

1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

[评分标准]

概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。