国际贸易实务英文版第二版
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and risk distribution between the parties
5
2.2.1 Scope of Governance
Obligation
Obligation -- a legal duty to do something according to a certain agreement.
concerning the delivery of tangibles goods sold
Focusing only on the delivery of tangible goods Delivery also indicating the transfer of obligations, cost
Revised in 1932---the “Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932”
21 provisions again mainly about CIF
2
Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941
Defines 6 terms:
6 variants of FOB
FOB (named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) FOB (named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) Freight
Prepaid to (named point of exportation) FOB (named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) Freight
Allowed to (named point of exportation) FOB (named inland carrier at named inland point of exportation) FOB Vessel (named port of shipment) ≈ Incoterms’ FOB FOB (named inland point in country of importation)
2.1 Three sets of rules
Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932
Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941
International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 2000
To give the businessmen a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms
To clarify the obligations of the buyer and the seller To simplify the contract negotiations To save time and cost Revised in 1953、1967、1976、1980、1990、2000 Incoterms 2000 includes 13 terms under 4 groups
1
Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932
Initially in 1928---“Warsaw Rules, 1928”
22 provisions governing the rights and obligations of the parties to a sale of goods on CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) contract terms.
other obligations: handle the customs clearance, carriage of goods, insurance
6
2.2.1 Scope of Governance
Cost
local and overseas transportation and insurance costs
Ex Point of Origin FOB (free on board) FAS (free along side)
C&F (Cost and Freight) CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) Ex Dock (Named Port of Importation)
4
2.2 Basics of Incoterms 2000
2.2.1 Scope of Governance Parties involved: concerning only 2 parties --
seller & buyer Document applied: only to the contract of sale Specific asபைடு நூலகம்ects governed: only settle matters
universally accepted obligation, eg:
the seller -- provide goods in conformity with the contract
The buyer -- pay the price as stipulated in the contract
3
International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 2000 (Incoterms 2000)
1936--- first created by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
The purposes of incoterms:
goods checking and inspection expenses, customs clearance charges
5
2.2.1 Scope of Governance
Obligation
Obligation -- a legal duty to do something according to a certain agreement.
concerning the delivery of tangibles goods sold
Focusing only on the delivery of tangible goods Delivery also indicating the transfer of obligations, cost
Revised in 1932---the “Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932”
21 provisions again mainly about CIF
2
Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941
Defines 6 terms:
6 variants of FOB
FOB (named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) FOB (named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) Freight
Prepaid to (named point of exportation) FOB (named inland carrier at named inland point of departure) Freight
Allowed to (named point of exportation) FOB (named inland carrier at named inland point of exportation) FOB Vessel (named port of shipment) ≈ Incoterms’ FOB FOB (named inland point in country of importation)
2.1 Three sets of rules
Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932
Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941
International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 2000
To give the businessmen a set of international rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms
To clarify the obligations of the buyer and the seller To simplify the contract negotiations To save time and cost Revised in 1953、1967、1976、1980、1990、2000 Incoterms 2000 includes 13 terms under 4 groups
1
Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932
Initially in 1928---“Warsaw Rules, 1928”
22 provisions governing the rights and obligations of the parties to a sale of goods on CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) contract terms.
other obligations: handle the customs clearance, carriage of goods, insurance
6
2.2.1 Scope of Governance
Cost
local and overseas transportation and insurance costs
Ex Point of Origin FOB (free on board) FAS (free along side)
C&F (Cost and Freight) CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) Ex Dock (Named Port of Importation)
4
2.2 Basics of Incoterms 2000
2.2.1 Scope of Governance Parties involved: concerning only 2 parties --
seller & buyer Document applied: only to the contract of sale Specific asபைடு நூலகம்ects governed: only settle matters
universally accepted obligation, eg:
the seller -- provide goods in conformity with the contract
The buyer -- pay the price as stipulated in the contract
3
International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms 2000 (Incoterms 2000)
1936--- first created by International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
The purposes of incoterms:
goods checking and inspection expenses, customs clearance charges