青少年同伴依恋量表的特点与发展

Relationships Questionnaire (RQ). Attachment style was assessed using the Relationships Questionnaire
(RQ) (Bartholomewand Horowitz, 1991). 使用了RQ来评估依恋风格 Participants are asked to read four descriptions of relationship attitude matching fourcategories of attachment style: Secure, Fearful, Dismissing, and Preoccupied.（安全，恐惧，抗拒，矛盾）
because this also represents the distinction between ‘best’ friends and ‘peers’. 区分一对一的友谊和小集体友谊是有必要的 ，因为这种区分意味着对最好朋友和同
伴进行了区分 （前面提到最好朋友的关系才代表了依恋关系）
The most widely used instrument to specifically measure attachment related aspects of peer relationships in adolescence is the Inventory of Parental and Peer Attachment (IPPA) (Armsden and Greenberg, 1987). 最常使用的是IPPA
Participants A cross-sectional sample 490 junior and senior high schools in the Australian Capital Territory Ages：13 to 19 years（M=16.15）(SD=0.89) 367 females (74.9%) and 123 males (25.1%). Procedure
They are then asked to nominate one style that is “most like them.” Bartholomew and Horowitz report
Participants were then requested to indicate their level of agreement with each item
using a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). 要求被试对项目进行选择。
Study One reports the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with a sample of 490
adolescents aged 13 to 19 years. 研究一报告了探索性和验证性因素分析的结果 A second-order factor model was supported with a single friendship attachment factor underlying three first order factors (Secure, Anxious /Ambivalent, Avoidant) similar to those reported in the broader attachment
five members (Ennett, Bauman, and Koch, 1994).
他们同样会和同龄人建立所谓的“圈子友谊”。
to distinguish between dyadic friendships and friendship cliques is an important issue
The vast majority of adolescents have at least one close friend that can be described as
their best friend, although those nominated as close friends can change over brief periods
literature.
二阶因素模型也得到了三个一阶因素（安全型，焦虑/矛盾，回避）所包含的单一友谊依恋因素的支持
The AFAS subscales were found to be appropriately reliable and demonstrated appropriate convergent and discriminant validity when compared to measures of attachment styles (the Relationship Questionnaire) and parental and peer group attachment (the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment). AFAS子量表可信，具有良好的聚合效度和区分效度 Study Two reports a successful replication of the factor structure with an independent sample of
a 30 item self-report measure of adolescent close friendship conceptualized as an attachment relationship. 通过两个研究介绍了AFAS的发展，该量表包含30个项目，用自我报告法测量了青少年的依恋关系。
Hypotheses：
Individual AFAS scores will be concordant with attachment types. 个体的AFAS得分和依恋类型相一致 These scores will be related but distinguishable from measures of parental and peer (clique) relationship quality. 这些得分都是相关的，却又和父母依恋、同伴依恋有所区别。
787 adolescents.Further research evaluating the predictive utility ofthe AFAS is recommended.
研究二使用了独立样本复制了研究一。 建议做进一步研究来评估AFAS的预测效用。
Introduction
By adolescence individuals spend more time with their friends than their parents, their friends become the prime source of intimacy and disclosure, and intimate friends become a major source of social and emotional support (Furman and Bierman, 1984; Hazan and Zeifman, 1994;Wilkinson, 2004). 青少年时期，个体更多地和朋友待在一起，朋友是其亲密关系，获取信息最主要的来源，亲密朋友 成为了他们最主要的情感和社会支持者 There is general agreement that a close relationship with a ‘best’ friend in adolescence can take on characteristics of an attachment relationship (Furman, 1996; Miller and Hoicowitz, 2004). 普遍认为青春期和最好朋友的亲密关系具有依恋关系的特点
relationshipБайду номын сангаас.
所测的是同伴之间的友谊，而非最好朋友之间。 ※A further difficulty with the IPPA is that it was developed prior to more recent research clarifying the major dimensions of attachment. IPPA先于很多近期阐明依恋的主要维度的研究之前出现
uncertainty over the extent to which it measures ‘best’ friend attachment. Items in the
scale refer to “friends” rather than “best friend” and it is possible that the IPPA Peer scale assesses the quality of clique affiliative relationships rather than dyadic attachment
(Brown, 2004). 很多青少年至少有一个亲密朋友被认为是最好的朋友 Most adolescents also belong to a more extended network of peer relationships known as ‘cliques.’These cliques vary in size, ranging from three to ten with an average of
25items，three dimensions：Trust, Communication, Alienation
shortcomings：
※the IPPA Peer scale has been interpreted to be a measure of friend attachment, there is
Development and Properties of the Adolescent Friendship Attachment Scale
J Youth Adolescence (2008)37:1270–1279 Ross B.Wilkinson IF:2.312
Abstract
Two studies are reported presenting the development of the Adolescent friendship Attachment Scale (AFAS),
Informed consent
During class time the participants individually completed a questionnaire booklet Measures： (AFAS) (RQ) (IPPA)
AFAS A group of ten high school students (6 girls and 4 boys) critiqued the items prior to the study，Minor changes were made."Think of someone you feel closest to above all others. This person should be close to your own age. They might be your best friend or someone from one of your classes, sports teams, or even just someone you hang around with sometimes." 实验之前由10高中生对项目进行评论，做了一些小的修改。