阅读理解词义猜测题课件(老师)

高考阅读理解词义猜测题应试技巧小结

-----从高考看如何做词义猜测题

一．猜测词义题目的提问方式

单词的猜测能力是阅读理解能力的主要组成部分，历年高考都把猜测词义作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入试题，考查对文中关键词语（实词、短语、指代关系等）的理解。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义常常不停留在字面上，要根据语境来判断。这类题目常见的提问形式有：

1. The word “…” in paragraph… means / can be best replaced by ….

2. The und erlined word “….” in the fourth paragraph refers to __________.

3. From the passage, we can infer that the word/phrase “…” is/ refers to …

4. The word “…” is closest in meaning to …

5. As used in the passage, the phrase “…” suggests …

二．猜测词义题目做题方法

⑴．针对性的解释

针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。

1.根据定义或解释说明猜测生词的词义

利用句子中其它词的意义和整个句子的意思来猜测生词。尤其是本句话和其前后两句话，因为上下文可以给学生提供认知线索，把情境与词义联系起来便可猜出它的大概含义，尤其在be或be called等判断词出现的判断句中，生词是被解释说明的表语，或是用来下定义的主语。这是猜测词义的最基本最实用最行之有效的方法之一。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。

例如：

①（05 湖北卷A段）Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own.

由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：“动物的地盘”。

②（04 浙江卷B段）Green building means “reducing the impact (影响) of the building on the land”.

由定义我们可以推断这里Green building 指的是什么。

2. 定语从句或同位语对其先行词起修饰或解释说明的作用，有助于猜出该先行词的词义。

例如：

①pantomime refers to a short play in which no word are spoken.

根据下文结构，pantomime指得是不出声的短剧，即“哑剧”

②（04 福建卷E段）Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces .

According the passage, The Pines is a .

A．place in which you can see many mobile homes

B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley

C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park

D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food

通过whose引导的定语从句，我们可以推测到：The Pines 是一家餐馆的名字，由此不难推出理解题的答案为：D。

3. 有时标点符号中的破折号“——”也可引出起解释说明作用的同位语或具有同义的短语或从句。

This terrible tornado—a wind which went round and round as fast as 500 miles an hour and picked up everything in its path, such as large trees, cars and even houses.

根据破折号后面的句意，可以猜测出tornado意思是“龙卷风”

4. 根据举例猜测词义

恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。

例如：（04 辽宁卷C段）The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.

根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的issue 是指“议题”。