大学英语语法第27课课件
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A.带否定词的谓语,如seldom, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere,
nothing,附加问句部分的动词用肯定形式。 Eg): (1)Bob rarely got drunk, did he? (2)She seldom goes to the cinema, does she ?
(1)Which do you like better, tea or coffee? (2)How shall we go there? By bus or by train? (3)What is this, ignorance or malice? Or both?
1.Form of Tag Question
Affirmative Statement （肯定陈述句） Negative Statement （否定陈述句）
一般疑问句 （General Questions/Yes-noQuestions） 特殊疑问句 （Special Questions/ Wh-questions) 选择疑问句 （Alternative Questions） 附加疑问句 （Tag Questions）
2.强调语气（Positive Tone）：达到加强肯定的目 的。
（1）增加强调词（Emphasizer）：indeed，really，definitely， certainly, for sure, without any question, without doubt, undoutedly, virtually, surely, actually Eg): (1)Many people will certainly lose their jobs. (2)Without any question, his new novel will be the best-seller for 2010.
（2）增添强调附加结构（Reinforcement Tag）
Eg): 1.That was a trap, that was. 2.You’ve gone mad, you have.
（3）采用双重否定（Double Negative）
Eg):1. That kind of result is not impossible(= quite possible) 2.She went to that place not infrequently.(=quite frequently)
2.Ways to emphasize
（1）在疑问词加ever
(1)Who ever broke the window? （2）在疑问词后添加惊讶surprise、诅咒curse的词语 (1)Why on earth did you break if off? (2)What the devil is happening over there? (3)How the goodness did you manage to do that?
（4）用修辞疑问句（Rhetorical Question)——形式上 为疑问句实际为陈述句的强调句式。
(1)Isn’t it lovely weather today?= The weather is very lovely indeed. (否定形式相当于受强调的肯定陈述句）
(2)Who cares where you slept?= Nobody cares where you slept. (肯定形式相当于受强调的否定陈述句）
（4）某些助动词（auxiliary verb)
A. 陈述部分带有情态助动词used to时 ，附加问句可用 used to或did.
1.否定形式:（1）主语+操作词的缩略形式+not
操作词+not的缩略形式n’t. （2）除not以外用其他否定词构成否定句
Eg):1. No honest man would lie= An honest man would not lie 2. He is no longer there= He is not there any longer 3.She saw neither of the twin brothers.= She didn’t see either of the twin brothers.
注意:以Let’s开首，附加问句部分用shall we 以Let us开首时，附加问句用will you Eg): Let’s go camping, shall we? Let us have a look at your book, will you?
（3）Different form of verb：
(1)Would you like some more soup? (2)May I make you some coffee?
1.Structure of Wh-question
（1）正常词序（normal word order）
(1)Who phoned last night? (2)What happened last night? （2）倒装词序（inverted order） (1)Why did he arrive so late? (2)How far is it from here?
（4）重复否定词never或者用never in （all）my life
(1) I’ve never in my life heard of such a thing.
（5）在never之后加助动词do的一定形式
(1) I never did like her, you know. (2)The letter we were expecting never did arrive.
是非问句（Yes-no Question) 来询问一件事情或一个情况是否属实
1.提问人有没有肯定或否定的意向，句中常用非肯定词 （Non-assertive Word）
(1)Is there anything wrong with the machine? (2)Have you any objections to my coming too?
B. 陈述部分主语Indefinite article ——one,附加问句部
分的主语在正式场合用one，非正式时用you Eg): (1)One can’t be too careful, can one?/can you?
C. 陈述部分I’m…结构,附加问句部分一般用aren’t I.
(2) Different sentence pattern:
2.加强否定（Strengthen Negative Mood） （1）否定词移动引起倒装(The Invertion of Negative Word)
1.On no account are visitors allowed to feed the animals. 2.Never have I smoked a cigarette.
(1)肯定陈述句+否定附加句 （2）否定陈述句+肯定附加句 （3）肯定陈述句+肯定附加句 （4）否定陈述句+否定附加句 （5）祈使句（Imperative Sentence)+附加疑 问句
（1）Different subject：
A.陈述部分Compound Word
(everybody, no one, somebody, everything, anything, something, nothing): 附加问句的主语指人时在正式语体用he，指物时用it Eg):(1) Everybody knows what he has to do, doesn’t he? (2)None of the boys can do it, can he? (3)Nothing could make me give it up, could it?
（6）用某些加强否定意义的特殊结构
(1)You won’t catch me doing that again. (2) I’ll be hanged if I’ll do any such thing.
部分否定(Partial Negation)
表肯定： (1)I should have presented her not a gold ring but something else. (2)He said it not to you but to me 表否定(部分否定在句首）: (1) Not very often did she go there to see him.
A. 陈述部分是There be句型,附加问句部分的主语用there Eg)(1)There is no help for it, is there? (2) There is something wrong, isn’t there? B. 带有that分句作宾语的主从结构（Subjective Clause includes that-), 附加问句一般与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。 Eg): You think you are funny, don’t you? C.祈使句（Imperative Sentence） 一般用will you, won’t you, would you, can you, can’t you, why don’t you, could you等。 Eg): (1)Don’t move the chair, will you? (2)Give me some cigarettes, can you?
1.委婉语气（Mild Tone)：达到更有礼貌，说话留 有余地的目的。
例：I’m afraid, if I’m not mistaken, I think，I suppose，I guess，I suspect，if I might say so，if you please，if you don’t mind Eg): Teaching 16 hours a week, I’m afraid, is too much for me.
1.以一般疑问句为基础
(1)Shall I give you a hand, or can you manage? (2)Are you going to elect Henry or Richard? (3)Would you rather wait or come later?
2.以特殊疑问句为基础
Fra Baidu bibliotek
2.如果提问人对于答案带有肯定的意向，即期待肯定的 回答时，则用肯定词（Assertive Word)
(1)Have you already finished your work? (2)Is there something wrong with the machine?
3.表示提问人对所询之事已有几分肯定，期待对方证实， 通常用肯定词（Assertive Word)
B. 陈述部分有动词have
表示”所有”含义，附加问句部分可用have或do形式。 You have a Rolls-Royce, haven’t you/ don’t you? 表示“所有”含义的否定形式时，附加问句部分只能用do Miss Oates doesn’t have any money in her pocket, does she? 当陈述部分的have不表示“所有”而表示其他含义时，附加问句 部分须用do的一定形式。 She had a good time yesterday, didn’t she?
（2）not one/not a （single）+单数名词
1.Not one door was left unlocked. 2.Not a single sound was heard.
（3）固定搭配
(1) I didn’t sleep a wink all night. (2) He won’t fit /raise/stir a finger to help us.
nothing,附加问句部分的动词用肯定形式。 Eg): (1)Bob rarely got drunk, did he? (2)She seldom goes to the cinema, does she ?
(1)Which do you like better, tea or coffee? (2)How shall we go there? By bus or by train? (3)What is this, ignorance or malice? Or both?
1.Form of Tag Question
Affirmative Statement （肯定陈述句） Negative Statement （否定陈述句）
一般疑问句 （General Questions/Yes-noQuestions） 特殊疑问句 （Special Questions/ Wh-questions) 选择疑问句 （Alternative Questions） 附加疑问句 （Tag Questions）
2.强调语气（Positive Tone）：达到加强肯定的目 的。
（1）增加强调词（Emphasizer）：indeed，really，definitely， certainly, for sure, without any question, without doubt, undoutedly, virtually, surely, actually Eg): (1)Many people will certainly lose their jobs. (2)Without any question, his new novel will be the best-seller for 2010.
（2）增添强调附加结构（Reinforcement Tag）
Eg): 1.That was a trap, that was. 2.You’ve gone mad, you have.
（3）采用双重否定（Double Negative）
Eg):1. That kind of result is not impossible(= quite possible) 2.She went to that place not infrequently.(=quite frequently)
2.Ways to emphasize
（1）在疑问词加ever
(1)Who ever broke the window? （2）在疑问词后添加惊讶surprise、诅咒curse的词语 (1)Why on earth did you break if off? (2)What the devil is happening over there? (3)How the goodness did you manage to do that?
（4）用修辞疑问句（Rhetorical Question)——形式上 为疑问句实际为陈述句的强调句式。
(1)Isn’t it lovely weather today?= The weather is very lovely indeed. (否定形式相当于受强调的肯定陈述句）
(2)Who cares where you slept?= Nobody cares where you slept. (肯定形式相当于受强调的否定陈述句）
（4）某些助动词（auxiliary verb)
A. 陈述部分带有情态助动词used to时 ，附加问句可用 used to或did.
1.否定形式:（1）主语+操作词的缩略形式+not
操作词+not的缩略形式n’t. （2）除not以外用其他否定词构成否定句
Eg):1. No honest man would lie= An honest man would not lie 2. He is no longer there= He is not there any longer 3.She saw neither of the twin brothers.= She didn’t see either of the twin brothers.
注意:以Let’s开首，附加问句部分用shall we 以Let us开首时，附加问句用will you Eg): Let’s go camping, shall we? Let us have a look at your book, will you?
（3）Different form of verb：
(1)Would you like some more soup? (2)May I make you some coffee?
1.Structure of Wh-question
（1）正常词序（normal word order）
(1)Who phoned last night? (2)What happened last night? （2）倒装词序（inverted order） (1)Why did he arrive so late? (2)How far is it from here?
（4）重复否定词never或者用never in （all）my life
(1) I’ve never in my life heard of such a thing.
（5）在never之后加助动词do的一定形式
(1) I never did like her, you know. (2)The letter we were expecting never did arrive.
是非问句（Yes-no Question) 来询问一件事情或一个情况是否属实
1.提问人有没有肯定或否定的意向，句中常用非肯定词 （Non-assertive Word）
(1)Is there anything wrong with the machine? (2)Have you any objections to my coming too?
B. 陈述部分主语Indefinite article ——one,附加问句部
分的主语在正式场合用one，非正式时用you Eg): (1)One can’t be too careful, can one?/can you?
C. 陈述部分I’m…结构,附加问句部分一般用aren’t I.
(2) Different sentence pattern:
2.加强否定（Strengthen Negative Mood） （1）否定词移动引起倒装(The Invertion of Negative Word)
1.On no account are visitors allowed to feed the animals. 2.Never have I smoked a cigarette.
(1)肯定陈述句+否定附加句 （2）否定陈述句+肯定附加句 （3）肯定陈述句+肯定附加句 （4）否定陈述句+否定附加句 （5）祈使句（Imperative Sentence)+附加疑 问句
（1）Different subject：
A.陈述部分Compound Word
(everybody, no one, somebody, everything, anything, something, nothing): 附加问句的主语指人时在正式语体用he，指物时用it Eg):(1) Everybody knows what he has to do, doesn’t he? (2)None of the boys can do it, can he? (3)Nothing could make me give it up, could it?
（6）用某些加强否定意义的特殊结构
(1)You won’t catch me doing that again. (2) I’ll be hanged if I’ll do any such thing.
部分否定(Partial Negation)
表肯定： (1)I should have presented her not a gold ring but something else. (2)He said it not to you but to me 表否定(部分否定在句首）: (1) Not very often did she go there to see him.
A. 陈述部分是There be句型,附加问句部分的主语用there Eg)(1)There is no help for it, is there? (2) There is something wrong, isn’t there? B. 带有that分句作宾语的主从结构（Subjective Clause includes that-), 附加问句一般与主句的主语和谓语保持一致。 Eg): You think you are funny, don’t you? C.祈使句（Imperative Sentence） 一般用will you, won’t you, would you, can you, can’t you, why don’t you, could you等。 Eg): (1)Don’t move the chair, will you? (2)Give me some cigarettes, can you?
1.委婉语气（Mild Tone)：达到更有礼貌，说话留 有余地的目的。
例：I’m afraid, if I’m not mistaken, I think，I suppose，I guess，I suspect，if I might say so，if you please，if you don’t mind Eg): Teaching 16 hours a week, I’m afraid, is too much for me.
1.以一般疑问句为基础
(1)Shall I give you a hand, or can you manage? (2)Are you going to elect Henry or Richard? (3)Would you rather wait or come later?
2.以特殊疑问句为基础
Fra Baidu bibliotek
2.如果提问人对于答案带有肯定的意向，即期待肯定的 回答时，则用肯定词（Assertive Word)
(1)Have you already finished your work? (2)Is there something wrong with the machine?
3.表示提问人对所询之事已有几分肯定，期待对方证实， 通常用肯定词（Assertive Word)
B. 陈述部分有动词have
表示”所有”含义，附加问句部分可用have或do形式。 You have a Rolls-Royce, haven’t you/ don’t you? 表示“所有”含义的否定形式时，附加问句部分只能用do Miss Oates doesn’t have any money in her pocket, does she? 当陈述部分的have不表示“所有”而表示其他含义时，附加问句 部分须用do的一定形式。 She had a good time yesterday, didn’t she?
（2）not one/not a （single）+单数名词
1.Not one door was left unlocked. 2.Not a single sound was heard.
（3）固定搭配
(1) I didn’t sleep a wink all night. (2) He won’t fit /raise/stir a finger to help us.