好：级英译汉试卷A卷1

B.我睡着写，出门也写，日日夜夜地写。

C.我在床上写，下了床写，没日没夜地写。

D.我卧床写，起床写；白天写，晚上也写。

II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (35%)
1.The surgeons weren’t sure how long my new joints would last, but they are
holding up fine. (增词法)
2.She was looking at him as she was always looking at him when he
awakened.(减词法)
3.The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost upon the judges.(正反表达转
换)
4.Much effort was made in determining the differences between the two
schools of painting.(被动转主动)
5.If you think me in a way to be happier than I deserve, I am quite of your
opinion.(释义法)
6.Other doctors I went to dispensed the same diagnosis along with
prescriptions that either didn’t help or upset things further.（长句分译）
7.On my way to school I can see the babbling water in the brook, hear the frogs
croaking, cuckoos cuckooing, sparrows chirping in the woods. （声色词）8.You’re flogging a dead horse by asking him to lend you money—he hasn’t
even got enough for himself. （习语）
9.For 20 years we were passive witnesses to the deterioration of prices of our
raw materials and an excessive increase of the prices of manufactured goods.
（变静态为动态）
10.Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who
most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds. （定语从句）
III. Translate the following underlined paragraphs into Chinese (50%)
Shall We Choose Death?
By Bertrand Russell
（December 30, 1954）
I am speaking not as a Briton, not as a European, not as a member of a western democracy, but as a human being, a member of the species Man, whose continued existence is in doubt. The world is full of conflicts: Jews and Arabs; Indians and Pakistanis; white men and Negroes in Africa; and, overshadowing all minor conflicts, the titanic struggle between communism and anticommunism.
Almost everybody who is politically conscious has strong feelings about
one or more of these issues; but I want you, if you can, to set aside such feelings for the moment and consider yourself only as a member of a biological species which has had a remarkable history and whose disappearance none of us can desire. I shall try to say no single word which should appeal to one group rather than to another. All, equally, are in peril, and, if the peril is understood, there is hope that they may collectively avert it. We have to learn to think in a new way. We have to learn to ask ourselves not what steps can be taken to give military victory to whatever group we prefer, for there no longer are such steps. The question we have to ask ourselves is: What steps can be taken to prevent a military contest of which the issue must be disastrous to all sides?
The general public, and even many men in positions of authority, have not realized what would be involved in a war with hydrogen bombs. The general public still thinks in terms of the obliteration of cities. It is understood that the new bombs are more powerful than the old and that, while one atomic bomb could obliterate Hiroshima, one hydrogen bomb could obliterate the largest cities such as London, New York, and Moscow. No doubt in a hydrogen-bomb war, great cities would be obliterated. But this is one of the minor disasters that would have to be faced. If everybody in London, New York, and Moscow were exterminated, the world might, in the course of a few centuries, recover from the blow. But we now know, especially since the Bikini test, that hydrogen bombs can gradually spread destruction over a much wider area than had been supposed. It is stated on very good authority that a bomb can now be manufactured which will be 25,000 times as powerful as that which destroyed Hiroshima. Such a bomb, if exploded near the ground or under water, sends radioactive particles into the upper air. They sink gradually and reach the surface of the earth in the form of a deadly dust or rain. It was this dust which infected the Japanese fishermen and their catch of fish although they were outside what American experts believed to be the danger zone. No one knows how widely such lethal radioactive particles might be diffused, but the best authorities are unanimous in saying that a war with hydrogen bombs is quite likely to put an end to the human race. It is feared that if many hydrogen bombs are used there will be universal death - sudden only for a fortunate minority, but for the majority a slow torture of disease and disintegration...
四川外语学院
《英译汉（1）》期末考试A卷参考答案
I.Multiple Choice Questions（每小题3分，共15分）
1. [B]
2. [C]
3. [A]
4. [D]
5. [D]
II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese（前5题每小题3分，后5题每小题4分，共35分）
1.那些外科医生当时不能肯定我的新关节可以维持多久，但是它们至今
还是运转良好呢。

2.他平素醒来时，她总是这样望着他。

3.法官们注意到这些事件的意义。

4.为了弄清两个画派的差别，他们费了不少工夫。

5.如果你认为我的幸福来之太易，受之有愧，那我完全同意你的看法。

6. 我就诊于别的医生，他们诊断相同，处方开的药要么不起什么作用，
要么更坏事。

7.在上学的路上，我能看见溪中的潺潺流水，能听见青蛙鸣、杜鹃啼、
麻雀叫。

8.你找他借钱是白搭——他自己钱还不够用呢。

9. 我们在20年里坐视了原料价格下跌和工业品价格暴涨。

10.的确，这很可能是那些认为工作就是消遣的人们最需要获得的一种
方式，以便使大脑能每隔一段时间就从“工作就是消遣”这种念头中解脱出来。

III. Translate the following underlined paragraphs into Chinese（共50分）
我们该选择死亡吗？
伯特兰·罗素
(1954年12月30日)
我不是作为一个英国人、一个欧洲人、一个西方民主国家的一员，而是作为一个人，作为不知是否还能继续生存下去的人类的一员在讲演。

世界充满了争斗：犹太人和阿拉伯人；印度人和巴勒斯坦人；非洲的白人和黑人；以及使所有的小冲突都相形见绌的共产主义和反共产主义之间的大搏斗。

差不多每个有政治意识的人都对这类问题怀有强烈的感受；但是我希望你们，如果你们能够的话，把这份感受暂搁一边，并把自己只看作一种具有非凡历史、谁也不希望它灭亡的生物的一员。

可能会迎合一群人而冷落另一群人的词语，我将努力一个字都不说。

所有的人，不分彼此，都处在危险之中；如果大家都看到了这种危险，那么就有希望联合起来避开它。

我们必须学习新的思想方法。

我们必须学习不自问能采取什么措施来使我们所喜欢的人群获得军事上的胜利，因为不再有这样的措施。

我们必须自问的问题是：能采取什么措施来避免必然会给各方造成灾难的军事竞赛？
普通群众，甚至许多当权人士，不清楚一场氢弹战所包含的会是什么。

普通群众仍旧从城市的毁灭上思考问题。

不言而喻，新炸弹比旧炸弹更具威力——一颗原弹能毁灭广岛，而一颗氢弹能毁灭像伦敦、纽约和菲斯科这样的大都市。

毫无疑问，一场氢弹战将会毁灭大城市。

但这只是世界必须面对的小灾难中的一个。

假如伦敦人、纽约人和莫斯科人都灭绝了，世界可能要经过几个世纪才能从这场灾难中恢复过来。

而我们现在，尤其是从比基尼核试验以来很清楚：氢弹能够逐渐把破坏力扩散到一个比预料要广大得多的地区。

据非常权威的人士说，现在能够制造出一种炸弹，其威力比毁灭广岛的炸弹大2.5万倍。

这种炸弹如果在近地或水下爆炸，会把放射性微粒送入高层大气。

这些微粒逐渐降落，呈有毒灰尘或毒雨的状态到达地球表面。

正是这种灰尘使日本渔民和他们所捕获的鱼受到了感染，尽管他们并不在美国专
家所确认的危险区之内。

没有人知道这种致命的放射性微粒怎么会传播得这么广，但是这个领域的最高权威一致表示：一场氢弹战差不多就是灭绝人类的代名词。

如果许多氢弹被使用，死神恐怕就会降临全球——只有少数幸运者才会突然死亡，大多数人却须忍受疾病和解体的慢性折磨……
四川外语学院
《英译汉（1）》期末考试A卷评分标准
I.Multiple Choice Questions（每小题3分，共15分）
本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分，选错1题扣3分。

II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese（前5题每小题3分，后5题每小题4分，共35分）
1. 考试重点：“weren’t”和“are”两词表达时态的增词译法
2. 考试重点：“looking at him”的减词译法
3. 考试重点：“wasn’t lost upon”的正反表达转换译法
4. 考试重点：被动语态转主动语态的翻译
5. 考试重点：“to be happier than I deserve”和“quite of your opinion”两处的释义译法
6．考试重点：单句多重意群的分译法
7．考试重点：“babbling，croaking，cuckooing，chirping”等声色词的译法
8．考试重点：“flogging a dead horse”习语的译法
9．考试重点：“were passive witnesses to”处变静态为动态的译法
10．考试重点：“those whose work is their pleasure”和“those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds”两处定语从句的译法【评分参考】
（1）本大题共10小题，前5题每小题3分，后5题每小题4分，共35分。

（2）凡与参考答案相符者，给3分；每小题中若有明显理解或表达错误，则错1处扣1分，小错误则错1处扣0.5分；若与参考答
案不符，但学生能用规范译语把原文的意思准确地表达出来，
也可给3分。

III. Translate the following underlined paragraphs into Chinese（共50分）本大题分为三个划线段，满分为50分，其中每个划线段内译文内容的忠实与通顺占15分，整篇译文的整体行文及风格占5分。

【评分参考】
46-50 （类同于百分制的100-90）：原文的信息全部传达，语气和文体风格与原文一致；断句恰当，句式正确。

选词妥帖。

段
落之间、句子之间呼应自然，有一定文采。

41-45 （类同于百分制的89-80）：除个别次要信息有疏漏之外，原文的重要信息全部传达，语气和文体风格与原文一致；选词
较正确、得体。

句子组织与安排符合汉语规范。

34-40 （类同于百分制的79-70）：有少量理解错误或有个别漏译，但主要精神与原文一致；拘泥于英文的句式，行文不够顺达，
但没有重大的选词和句式的错误。

29-33 （类同于百分制的69-60）：有个别重大错误或遗漏，部分信息含混，但总体上基本达意；语句不够连贯，行文晦涩，有
个别重大的选词和句式的错误。

28分以下（类同于百分制的60分以下）：误译、漏译较多，不能传达原文主要精神；用词不当，行文不通顺，语言不符合汉语规范。