被动语态的翻译

• 综上所述，英语被动语态除了表示语法关 系外，还表示一定的意义，这是我们在翻 译中要注意的。英语被动句在译成汉语时 不存在现成的对应表达方式，而是需要我 们依据汉语的习惯用法，从丰富的句式和 辅助词语中选一些适当的手段来表现出原 in Original Order 顺译成被动句 1.译成“被”字句 They are deprived of their rights. 他们被剥夺了权利。 He was beaten black and blue. 他被打得青一块紫一块。
• 如果说话者要指出施事者来，英语的表达 方式也很简单，就是在谓语结构后面加一 个由by引导的短语： • Peter was robbed by him to pay Paul. • 他偷了彼得的钱去还保尔的债。（“剜肉 补疮”） • 汉语是一种在形式上呈弱势的语言。我们 固然有“被”字可用来表示被动语态，但 在更多的情况下，我们并不执着于主语与 谓语之间究竟有什么关系，因而一律用主 动形式。
• 2) For a long time aluminium has been thought as an effective material for preventing metal corrosion. • 长期以来，铝被当作一种有效防止金属腐 蚀的材料。 • 3. 为更好地连接上下文。例如： • Vulcanized rubber was a perfect insulating material; on the railway it was used for shock-absorbers and cushions. • 硫化橡胶是一种很好的绝缘材料，在铁路 上可用来做减震器和减震垫。
The novel I had thrown away was chosen by the Book Society. 我一度扔掉的那部小说后来被书社选中。 If the scheme is approved, work on the project will start immediately. 如果方案被批准了，工程将即刻动工。
Those who perform deeds of merit will be rewarded. 立功的人将受到奖励。 Translation techniques should be paid enough attention to. 翻译技巧应予以足够的重视
When we were first captured, my own reaction was mainly in fear and suspicion. 我们刚被俘时，我本能的反应主要是又害怕 又怀疑。 He was set upon by two masked men. 他遭到两个蒙面人的袭击。
2. 是...的 China-ink stains cannot be washed out. 墨汁斑渍是洗不掉的。 Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky. 彩虹是在阳光透过天空中的小水滴形成的。
Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily, and only a few questions of secondary importance remain to be discussed. 多数问题已圆满解决，只剩下几个次要问题 有待讨论 Roger, you are wanted on the phone. 罗杰，你有电话
The atomic theroy was not accepted until the last century. 原子学说知道上世纪才为人们所接受。 The crops were washed away by the flood. 庄稼让洪水冲毁了。 History is made by the people 历史是由人民创造的。
• 1. 被动语态有强调受事者，使其位置鲜明、 突出。例如： • 1)The happy man cannot be harried. • 吉人自有天相。（注意汉语用主动） • 2)In an adversary spots are soon seen. • 对手的缺点最易发现。（注意汉语主动） • 2. 当不必要说出主动者或无法说出主动者 时。例如： • 1) New electronic devices are often shown to the students. • 常给同学门看新的电子装置。
• 1) He is said to be the most respected teacher in our Department. 据说他是我们系最受尊敬的老师。 • 2) It is suggested that each speaker is allotted five minutes. • 以上两句都暗示说话者力求避免主观、武 断。如第2)句的意思是：“建议每位发言者 讲话不要超过五分钟”，言下之意是： “不是我个人的规定”。 •
• 汉英对比，英语的被动句显然多于汉 语，其原因比较简单：英语有表示主 语和谓语动词之间处于“被动关系” （即受事者 + 行为）而不是“主动关 系”（即施事者 + 行为）的形式程序， 那就是：主语+be (.各式形态变化) + 动词的过去分词式。在英语中，这种 形态表示程序非常稳定，非常明确， 可以使被动语态形成一个界定十分清 楚的语法范畴： • Peter was robbed to pay Paul.
Our roof was damaged in last night's storm. 在昨夜的暴风雨中，我家的屋顶遭到了破坏。 Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world. 我们的对外政策受到了世界人民的支持。
Poets are born, but orators are made. 诗人是天生的，而演说家则是后天造就的。 Printing was introduced into Europ from China. 印刷术是从中国传入欧洲的。 The first explosive in the world was made and used in China. 世界上最早的炸药是在中国制造和使用的。
Practice will be Those who perform deeds of merit
rewarded. Translation techniques should be paid enough attention to. When we were first captured, my own reaction was mainly in fear and suspicion. He was set upon by two masked men. The three machines can be controlled by a single operator. Problems should be resolved in good time. This new theory has now been adopted by many scientists who are searching life in outer space. The reactionary troops are being hit everywhere.
The three machines can be controlled by a single operator. 这三台机器可以由一人单独操纵。 Problems should be resolved in good time. 问题应该及时加以解决。
This new theory has now been adopted by many scientists who are searching life in outer space. 这一新理论现在已为许多寻找外层空间生命的 科学家说采纳。 The reactionary troops are being hit everywhere. 反动派的军队到处挨打。
The finished products must be carefuly inspected before delivery. 商品出厂前必须仔细地予以检查。 The laws of motion will be discussed in the next article. 运动定律将在下文中予以讨论。
Practice
The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated. The quality of our products has been greatly improved. Most of the questions have been settled satisfactorily, and only a few questions of secondary importance remain to be discussed. Roger, you are wanted on the phone.
顺译成主动句 1. 顺译成形式上是主动，意义上是被动的句 子 He was assassinated in a theater last night. 他昨晚在一家剧院遇刺身亡。 His leg was broken in an accident. 他的腿在一次事故中折断了。
The thing must be handled with care. 这东西必须轻拿轻放。 A bald head is soon shaven. 光头好剃。
• 4. 被动语态可在特定的语境中表达对主语 的尊敬和说话者的谦恭。例如： • 1) Where can you be reached? • 在什么地方可以找到您？（请问您住在什 么地方？） • 2) When will I be interviewed? 我什么时候来参加面试呢？ • 5. 被动语态常用以表示说话者对所提出的 话题（或人或事或物）持有某种客观态度， 因而比较婉转。例如：
2. 译成“挨”字句 This time he was tipped over by his buddies. 这次他挨了哥儿们一顿揍。 The little boy was criticized three times last week. 这个小男孩上周挨了三次批评。
3. 译成“给，叫，让，由，受，遭到，受到， 予以，加以，为...所“等 His father was killed beofore liberation. 他爹在解放前给杀害了。 Part or all of the light may be reflected, absorbed, or transmitted by the thing or object that comes into its way. 一部分光或全部的光可能给挡住其去路的东 西或物体所反射、吸收或投射。
被动语态的翻译
英语和汉语都有被动语态，但 两种文字对被动语态的运用却不尽 相同。同一个意思，英语习惯用被 动语态表达，汉语却往往要用主动 语态。例如We are kept strong and well by clean air. 如译成“我 们被清洁的空气保持得健壮”显然 不符合汉语习惯，应译成“空气清 洁能促使我们身体健壮。”
The sense of inferiority that he acquired in his youth has never been totally eradicated. 他在青少年时期留下的自卑感，从来没有完 全消除。 The quality of our products has been greatly improved. 产品质量有了很大的提高。