高考英语一轮复习 语法专项突破 第一讲 名词和冠词课件

抽象名词具体化 experience[U]经验→an experience[C] 经历 surprise[U]惊奇→a surprise[C]令人吃惊的人或事 pleasure[U]愉快→a pleasure[C]一件乐事 success[U]成功→a success[C]一个(件)成功的人或事 comfort[U]安慰→a comfort[C]一个(件)令人安慰的人或事
accept→acceptance express→expression blind→blindness warm→warmth fail→failure wise→wisdom
[对点演练]——单句语法填空 1．(2018·广东揭阳模拟)Mike was dying to apply for a new job, but he was unconfident of himself, for he thought of himself as a ___fa_i_lu__re____ (fail) and unworthy of success. 2．(2018·河北武邑中学一调)Only in this way can we enjoy the pleasure and c_o_n_v_e_n_i_e_n_c_e_ (convenient) of online shopping without the concern of being cheated. 3．(安徽卷)—Why not buy a second­hand car first if you don’t have enough money for a new one? —That’s a good __su_g_g_e_s_t_io_n__ (suggest)．
development was only possible with the __in__tr_o_d_u_c_t_i_o_n__ (introduce) of electric­powered engines and lifts.
命题解读
1.给出名词提示 词，考查名词的 数； 2．给其他词性 形式(通常为动 词、形容词)提示 词，填写名词； 3．名词的固定 搭配
some useful informations from the
可数与不可数
Internet.__in__fo_r_m__a_t_i_o_n_s_→_ _in_f_o_r_m__a_t_io__n___
名词的数 名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名 词包括可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数之分， 不可数名词没有复数形式。
二冠词
题型
分类
考题印证
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As __a__ result,
people will eat more food to try to
语法 make up for that something missing. 填空 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included
digging up the road, laying the track
第二部分 语法专项突破
第一讲 名词和冠词
一名词
题型分类 语法填空
考题印证
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend，...,
has had some unintended side ___e_ff_e_c_t_s___ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This
可以获得 利用， 趁……之机 利用 挑……的错 与……同步 结束…… 注意到 考虑……
catch sight of make a difference do damage to keep/bear in mind attach importance to take the place of take pride in take possession of
and then building a strong roof over _t_h_e__ top.
命题解读
近五年高考对冠 词的考查主要集 中在冠词表泛指、 特指的基本用法 以及常见的固定 搭配中的冠词上
题型
分类
考题印证
命题解读
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They live far from
the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every 短文 day._第__一__个__a__→__a_n_/o_n__e_ 改错 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in picture are the things that were very
名词的固定搭配
名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“介词＋名词”和
“动词＋名词”。常考的高频短语：
(1)beyond recognition in great demand
无法辨认 需求量很大
with patience by chance/accident
耐心地 偶然
at a loss in advance
看见 有影响；有关系 损害…… 记住 重视…… 取代， 代替 以……自豪 占有
(3)make preparations for take pains to do make (both) ends meet take turns to do be in high spirits burst into tears in all directions make contributions to
fe 变成 v，再加­es；少数词尾加 knife→knives, (roofs，chiefs，
­s
gulfs，beliefs，proofs)
2.名词复数的不规则变化 (1)单复数同形：deer, sheep, Chinese, means(方式， 方法), series, species (2)词形变化：man→men, woman→women, child→children, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice, ox→oxen (3) 合 成 名 词 的 复 数 ： passer­by→passers­by, looker ­ on→lookers­on, grown­up→grown­ups, stand­by→stand­ bys (4)名词前有 man 或 woman 修饰，变复数时，作定语的 man/woman 和 中 心 词 都 要 变 为 复 数 形 式 。 如 ： woman doctor→women doctors，man waiter→men waiters。
为……做准备 尽力， 刻苦 使收支相抵 轮流做 兴致勃勃 放声大哭 (朝)四面八方 对……做出贡献
[对点演练]——单句语法填空 1．(2018·安徽江淮十校联考)Above all, we human beings are supposed to live in __h_a_r_m__o_n_y__ (harmonious) with nature. 2 ． Many parents in China always attach too much __im__p_o_r_ta_n__ce_ (important) to words, ordering their children to do this or that.
题型 考题印证
分类
命题解读
1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept
repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow 1.可数名词单
短文 down！”__w__o_r_d_→___w_o_r_d_s___
复数的错用；
改错 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ) Besides, they often get 2．混淆名词的
cities，countries，factories，boys， toys，holidays
以­o 结尾的名词，常在词尾加­s
radios，photos，pianos，zoos(例 外：heroes，tomatoes，potatoes)
以­f 或­fe 结尾的名词，常把 f 或 half→halves，leaf→leaves，
不知所措 提前
in favor of on purpose
支持， 赞成 故意地
(2)have/gain access to take advantage of make use of find fault with keep pace with put an end to take notice of take...into account/consideration
可数名词单复数的变化规则
1．名词复数的规则变化
一般情况下在词尾直接加­s
books，horses，beds，pages
以­s，­x，­sh，­ch 结尾的名词， glasses，boxes，brushes，watches
在词尾加­es
(例外：stomach→stomachs)
以辅音字母＋y 结尾的名词，把 y 变为 i 再加­es；以元音字母＋y 结尾的名词，直接加­s
名词构词法
英语中构成名词的常见后缀：­ence，­ance，­Leabharlann Baiduion，­sion，
­ment，­ness，­age，­th，­ure，­dom 等。
exist→existence produce→production develop→development marry→marriage please→pleasure sign→signature 详见本书附录“构词法”
名词与短文改错 遇到名词，首先想到是可数名词还是不可数名词； 看到 several，a few，many，one of，three，a number of 等要想到名词应用复数形式； 看到 information，advice，progress，knowledge 等，要 想到它们是不可数名词，没有复数形式； 看到冠词等修饰词，要想到应用名词形式； 形容词和名词都可作表语，但形容词作表语说明主语的特 点(how)，名词作表语则说明主语的身份、职业等(what)。
[对点演练]——单句语法填空/单句改错 1 ． (2016·四 川 卷 )Any smell might attract natural __e_n_e_m__ie_s___ (enemy) that would try to eat the little panda. 2．(2018·淄博模拟)He lost all his ____k_e_y_s____ (key) to the doors，so he had to get them opened by force. 3．Though we are now out of danger, the broken bridge is still great danger to car drivers.___g_r_e_a_t前__加___a____
3．常以复数形式出现的名词：thanks, congratulations, shoes, trousers, works(著作；工厂), manners(礼貌), spirits(情绪), instructions(操作说明), directions(用法说明), papers(试卷， 文件), times(时代)等。 4．常考的纯抽象名词：progress, luggage/baggage, advice, weather, information, equipment, furniture 等都只能用作不 可数名词。
名词与语法填空 词性转换题：“句子成分”是关键 (1)如果要填的词在句中作主语、宾语或表语要考虑名词形 式； (2)如果要填的词被形容词、定冠词或形容词性物主代词所修 饰要考虑名词形式。
名词复数题：“牢记规则”辨是非 (1)如果空格处被 these, several, many 和数词等修饰时，要考 虑名词的复数形式； (2)如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或 are，要考虑用 名词的复数形式。