高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧(教师版)

高考英语阅读理解猜测词义题解题技巧

在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。这类试题包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测、以及对it/they/them等代词的确指对象的判断等。这类试题的设问方式主要有：

(1)What does the underlined word “them/it”refer to?

(2)In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).

(3)according to the passage,... probably means

(4)The author uses the word... to mean.

(5)The underlined phrase “punch line”most probably means______.

(6)The underlined word “one”could best be replaced by ______.

(7)What does “garden”in the last two paragraphs stand for?

（8）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “____”?

做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。猜测词义时，要掌握以下三个做题要领和六种解题技巧：

做题要领

1）文中找线索或信息词;

2) 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意；

3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。

解题技巧

技巧 1 Definition 定义法：一般通过定义/定语从句/词组或同位语从句来确定词义

技巧 2 Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词、表对比关系的词猜测词义。

技巧 3 Cause＆Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因

技巧4 Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。

技巧5 Word Formation 构词法：在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。技巧6 根据文段中出现的同义、近义或反义词的意思进行判断。

技巧7 根据句子结构进行判断。

技巧8 根据文章的背景进行判断。如：

技巧9 Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义

技巧篇：

技巧 1 Definition 定义法：一般通过定义/定语从句/词组或同位语从句来确定词义

1.It will be very hard but very brittle—that is , it will break easily .

从后面的解释中，我们可以了解到brittle是“易碎的，脆的”的意思

2.The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.

定语从句中looks after sheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧羊人”。

技巧 2 Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词、表对比关系的词猜测词义。

表示对比的词有but 、yet 、while 、however、otherwise等。

1. Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical.

根据对比关系，这里cool和tropical是相反的意义，很容易判断理tropical的意思为：Hot 热的

2.Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome man, John is quite homely．

根据对比关系“homely”means “ugly

技巧 3 Cause￡Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因

1. Hat museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.

既然一天之内看不完所有的展品，这个博物馆当然是够“大的”了。

2.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.

从后面的结果"永远不能再运动"中，可以推测permanent 的意思为"永远的，永久的"。

技巧4 Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。

1.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machine, refrigerators and color televisions.

根据for instance后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中appliances的是指“家用电器”。

常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as 等。

技巧5 Word Formation 构词法：在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。1．根据前缀猜测词义

Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?

根据词根educational （教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：男女同校教育的意思。

2．根据后缀猜测词义

People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions vehicles,”but people in California seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from.

A.be familiar with

B.be curious about

C.show their interest in

D.fail to understand后缀-less是否定后缀，结合上下文，不难猜出be clueless about 的意思是D(不清楚，不能理解)。

3．根据复合词的各部分猜测词义

（1）Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.

Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是设计精巧的意思。

（2）We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists.

根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和produce （生产），我们可以推测mass-produce的意思是：大批量生产；规模生产的意思。

技巧 6 根据文段中出现的同义、近义或反义词的意思进行判断。

例题1：I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. It was an eccentric(怪僻的)farmer. I had never met him before although I had often heard people talk about him. He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understood anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident.

I hadn’t the slightest idea who she was but I obviously had to go.

The underlined phrase make out in the first paragraph means ______.

A. expect

B. understand

C. see clearly

D. hear clearly

根据第四句话的意思，我们知道“Even then”实际上是指前文的“I understood anything”，因此这句话可以理解为“Even when I understood anything, all (that) I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident”。显然，“make out”是被用来取代前面的“understood”，以避免重复，它们应该是近义或同义词，所以，B选项可能是正确的。