关于英美文化论文(牛仔文化)

Cowboy Culture
1、The introductions to American cowboys
2、The origins of the word “cowboy”
3、The cowboys' spirit
4、Introductions to cowboy cultur
5、The influences of cowboy culture
6、Resent situation
Cowboys, as a legend ,play a important role in America.The culture they created is quite classic ,which has an far-reaching effect on the whole world especially on America.The word ,"Cowboy", is in origin of the word "Vaquero" in Hispanic cultures .In 1846,a war broke out between America and Mexico . Ridiculously , America ,as a winning , was invaded thoroughly by the cowboy culture of Mexico .
There were two groups of cowboy. The earlist group were immigrants from Europe. And another group are Hispanics . As a result of their traditional spirit ,the characters of the latter group were intelligent, gentle ,bold and ambitious while the former group were just avoided the war and natural disasters . In fact ,the cowboys did not be a heroism as movies reflect . According to the reality ,cowboys were farm workers ,being responsible for taking care of cows . Their jobs was the most dangerous and hard ,however , they got the lowest pay . But exactly owing to their pioneering spirit ,it can be spreaded all over the country and have been preserved well until now . And nowadays ,those stubborn cowboys who live in the New Mexico State are Hispanic .The cowboy culture consist of cowboys' spirit ,cowboys' images, cowboys'
literature and cowboys' films and clothes in modern society .
The one spirit of cowboys is freedom. Freedom is equal to that do everything you want in some degree. Maybe , everyone is long for it ,however, not everyone can reach the goal . Anyway be a perseverance man at pursueing his dreams is foremost, which is the heart of the spirit. Apart from freedom and perseverance, it also involves bravery , independence , rebellion and so on . The spirit cater to popular taste and has been becoming a welcoming gradually.
Besides , the influence of the cowboy culture relates to the some aspects in America . Springing up from American culture field , the cowboy culture was absorbed in the essence of diversified culture in order to made itself develop. Through the many facts and legends, cowboy has become a great representative of American culture. Cowboy is generally considered to be the representative of Americans, while "cowboy spirit "the "American spirit". For a period, the foreign policy of Bush government is called the"cowboy policy".The essay states,after a careful study of the word cowboy and American history, that the so-called manliness actually reflects an American spirit full of ferity and sanguinary aggression.
The typical point is cowboy industry . The cowboy culture Many people may not even ever heard about it but in fact almost the vast majority of people worldwide are currently living in this industry that has long been built out of the cultural atmosphere. Take Taiwan for example, As long as we turn on the TV , those who sell mobile phones, shoes, jeans, and beverages and other goods advertising are usually a group of young men who wear a baseball cap, wear loose clothing or are wrapped in a large
turban . This is the cowboy style. The so-called "cowboy" has already become a popular fashion. In addition to TV commercials and variety channels that can be seen on the typical "cowboy style", they appears on the streets or the place where is filled with young man and new middle class too. The kind of "cowboy style" is a more common scenery that lots of the young wear cowboy hats and a set of cool wireless mobile device in those place .
Further more ,cowboy culture in the clothing field also set off major reform . The styles and fabrics of jeans for workers have been swept all over world. Whatever your identity, career, status, age, height or weight is , the person presents the image of sincere and simplicity after dressing up such clothes. Of course ,it epitomizes among the young group and it is rare to find no pair of jeans in recent days.
Referring to some other field, we will not ignore the extension of the cowboy culture such as Rodeo. With Houston been as an example, it is a city with a large amount of cowboy culture . And the most grand-scale celebration is held here on the day of "Stampede and Rodeo". Another part is its literature . There are so many famous works ,for example "Pale Rider " , "Sudden Impact ", " Firefox" and "Honkytonk Man" .
By now ,the genuine cowboy culture is put into the museum by modern development. Cowboy culture has been changed in some degree whereas Texas cowboy culture leads to tremendous economic benefits. It is pre-requisite for a tourist who adore the cowboy culture to go to the "Taste of Texas" steak house in Houston. Tourist attractions in Texas promote the local economic development . Meanwhile it
also drive other industry step forward .
At last ,although cowboys lead a grief life ,many things have been eternal through their perseverance and efforts . They are not touched by exterior world , just as their motto goes "The importance in life is not where we live but how we live ".
在美国19世纪的历史舞台上潇洒登场的西部牛仔创造出了魅力无穷的牛仔文化。

虽然牛仔时代只是昙花一现,但牛仔文化并未随着牛仔时代的结束而退出历史,反而在不断的发展中愈加丰富多彩起来。

作为美国文化的重要分支,它不仅极大地影响了美国人的生活,而且在世界范围内也产生了令人称奇的的影响。

牛仔是深受美国乃至全世界人喜爱的最具美国西部英雄主义与浪漫主义色彩的人物,他们是19世纪美国西进运动中生活在北美大陆西部广阔草原上的游牧人,是美国西部开发的主力军,以自由奔放的生活方式闻名遐尔。

牛仔通常都是头戴墨西哥式宽沿高顶毡帽、腰跨柯尔特左轮连发手枪或肩扛温彻斯特来复枪、身缠子弹带、穿着牛仔裤皮上衣、以及束袖紧身多袋牛仔服、足蹬一双饰有刺马钉的高筒皮套靴、颈围一块色彩鲜艳夺目的印花大方巾、骑着快马风驰电掣的呼啸而来，呼啸而去，形象威猛而洒脱，是一种代表了典型的个人主义和自由精神的外在装束。

牛仔的情人——牛仔裤
牛仔耐久、便宜而且性感的牛仔裤，是美国人给予全世界的伟大献礼。

牛仔裤比狗更忠实，比人还爽快。

她跟随你的时间越长、用得越旧,就越使人感觉亲切宜人。

牛仔裤迁就你的身材,非常舒适而且情人般的贴身可人。

美国的牛仔裤诞生于19世纪50年代的美国西部，但它的最初用途并不是作为牛仔们潇洒的形象标记，而是西部淘金工人劳动时的工作服。

美国西部牛仔穿着牛仔裤、骑着高头大马,在一望无际的茫茫草原、戈壁荒漠和峡谷山峦间纵横驰骋,英姿飒爽、“酷”劲十足。

与美国牛仔传奇生涯相联系的牛仔裤，
似乎成了具有鲜明美国精神符号象征意义的典型服饰代表。

它散发着美国人为之心驰神往的个人独立、生而自由、勇于冒险、性感迷人、非正式的休闲、浓烈的乡土气息，给人一种返璞归真的感觉。

身份的标志——牛仔帽
牛仔帽是牛仔们不可或缺的基本身份标志之一。

美国的牛仔帽来源于墨西哥牛仔们常戴的一种被称之为“斯特森”式的宽沿高顶毡帽。

这种帽子帽顶部向下凹陷，而两侧帽沿则稍稍往上翻翘。

除了戴上它的人显得潇洒干练外，牛仔帽还具有多方面的实用功能。

白天，它像情人手中撑开的雨伞，无怨无悔的为心爱的牛仔遮挡四季的风霜雨雪、烈日冰雹；休息和睡觉的时刻,它是温柔的抚慰疲倦旅人的安乐枕；饥渴难耐的当头，它又是现成的水瓢和饭碗……
丈量地球的必备利器——高筒皮套靴
牛仔靴
高筒皮套靴高及小腿中部，古巴跟形，系明线，大多采用双色调，同时采用漂亮的皮雕或贴皮图案来装饰，既防水保暖，又耐磨耐穿，鲜亮迷人，套上它行动迅速敏捷，十分适合整日驱赶牛群和逐水草而居的牛仔之需。

牛仔靴后面一般都装配上踢马刺。

有的还在靴子上悬缀一种撞击时会发出各种清脆悦耳声响的装饰品，当他们骑马或走起路来就会传出叮叮当当的声音，显示出牛仔那种“未见其人，先闻其声”的先声夺人的无比威风。

西部牧区的旗帜——牛仔印花大方巾
美国西部牛仔的颈间通常都围着色彩鲜艳的印花大方巾,它是牛仔们形影不离的必需品。

印花大方巾大都用棉布或丝绸制作,尤以色彩鲜艳图案美丽的丝绸印花大方巾最为牛仔们所钟爱。

大方巾的底色比较单一，主要有红色，也有蓝色和黑色，上面印着色彩鲜
艳的各种小图案。

印花大方巾对牛仔们的用途十分广泛，形影不离，几乎成为牛仔们生命的象征，被人们戏称为“西部牧区的旗帜”。

可以说,印花大方巾与牛仔们的关系已亲密到形影相随、生死相伴的地步。

许多牛仔死后，人们都要在其脸上盖上一块他生前最喜爱的干净的印花大方巾，使他在另一个世界的孤寂旅途中仍有一个最忠实的伙伴。

六响枪——传奇的牛仔武器
左轮手枪
美国西部牛仔一般都佩带一种可以连发的六响左轮手枪，这种连发的手枪既便于携带，使用又十分简单，任何稍微受过开枪训练的人，都能很快娴熟的使用它。

而牛仔们大多是玩枪的高手，他们在飞驰的骏马上尚能百步穿杨、百发百中。

这种六响左轮手枪非常适合以德克萨斯牛仔为代表的西部牛仔的需要，是他们用以对付野兽、强盗、印第安人袭击的最有效的自卫武器。

这种六响左轮手枪就是大名鼎鼎的柯尔特左轮连发手枪。