行政赔偿论文：论我国行政赔偿制度之完善

行政赔偿论文：论我国行政赔偿制度之完善
【中文摘要】行政赔偿是指行政主体违法实施行政行为,侵犯相对人合法权益造成损害时由国家承担的一种赔偿责任。

我国行政赔偿制度可以追溯到1946年的《中华民国宪法》。

新中国成立以后1954年我国颁布了《宪法》,在这这部法律中,正式确立了行政赔偿制度。

1995年1月1日我国颁布并实施了《中国人民共和国国家赔偿法》,同时以此为契机,我国的国家赔偿制度逐渐健全,行政赔偿制度也随
之形成和完善。

尽管如此,我国宪法对行政赔偿制度的规定过于原则,在实践中的操作性难度较大。

因此研究行政赔偿制度,不仅具有一定的现实意义,同时必将产生深远影响。

本文主要通过列举我国行政赔偿制度中存在的行政赔偿范围过窄、程序不清、标准过低等问题,并提出相应的完善举措,以期达到对我国现行的行政赔偿制度完善的。

【英文摘要】In modern days the administrative power has infiltrated into the every field of the society. The administrative compensation has been attached importance to most countries in the world. Because the system of administrative compensation has been started recently, the people often meet the ugly situation such as the situation of refused to being compensated and the compensatory payment is not enough. This leads us to be aware that there are a lot of problems are to be solved in the administrative compensation
system. But the system of administrative compensation will be perfected as the study being deepened in this field.The narrator expects to help solving the practical problems of the administrative compensation by drawing lessons from the overseas and keeping analyzing the system of administrative compensation.This article is developed into four parts. The first part is the introduction of the system of administrative compensation. This part is the base of the other parts by introducing the definition of administrative, the character of the system of administrative compensation and the comparison with the system in overseas.The second part analyzes the elements of the administrative compensation system. Who can be compensated, who should compensate, what is the scope of the compensation and what reason can lead for compensation in the system of the administrative compensation. These serve the later parts of the existing problems in the system of the administrative compensation.The third part mainly expatiates on the problems existing in the current system of administrative compensation according to the practice. Firstly the scope of the administrative compensation is limited, and the scope of the administrative compensation does not include the flaws of the public administration, the illegal tortuous
of the authority files, the unreasonable administrative discretion, the illegal punishment of the department of administration and when the legitimate rights and interests of the citizens legal person and other organization are blemished and they can not get the enough compensation. Although the advantages of the former administrative procedure are not negligible, we should face up to deficiencies of the system of the administrative compensation. For example there is no any executive authority that is responsible for the demands of the compensation, there is no clear regulation about the duties that caused by the negative acts, the procedure of the former compensation is not indefinite and the procedures are too simple. These all can cause the problems in the practice. Hence the system of administrative compensation can not generally protect the benefits of the counterpart. Thirdly the standard of the administrative compensation is not definite. Now the standard of our country is mainly the limited compensation. Although the regulation is concrete and operational, the standard is low, the problem of the too low standard is not negligible.The forth part is mainly base the problems mentioned in the third part. The narrator put forward the suggestions from the theory. The narrator believes that first should expand the
scope of the administrative compensation. The scope of the administrative compensation should include the setting of the public utilities, the flaws of the administration, abstract behavior, the distinct impropriety of administrative discretion and the inner punishment. Then perfect the procedure of the administrative compensation. Our procedure of the administrative compensation should gain experience from the international. Definite the compensation way is consultative. Establish the independent administration on the compensation. Import the hearing system on the administrative compensation and definite the procedure regulation on the administrative compensation lawsuit. That can make the administrative compensation fair and square by enforcing the above concrete measures to get the purpose of the harmonious society and definitude the standard of the administrative compensation. The standard in our country is legal according to the direct loss. The standard is indicative and can not get the purpose of the recuperative loss of the victims. The narrator believes that the standard of the administrative compensation should be expanded in the circumstance of the economy society and law according to the compensative fundament and demand the tort administration compensate the actual losses of the victims. The
standard of the administration should include the standard of the personal right that be hurt and should consider the time of the imprisonment the benefit of the victims’ losses including their mental pain and the economic losses including salary in directness and indirect. This should be regulated in the legislation and the enforce administration should be punished if the losses by the intent of the enforce administration or their magna culpa.
【关键词】行政赔偿构成特征制度完善
【英文关键词】
【目录】论我国行政赔偿制度之完善内容提要4-6引言
6-8一、行政赔偿概述8-15(一) 行政赔偿的概念8-11(二) 行政赔偿的特征11-12(三) 行政赔偿的原则12-15二、行政赔偿的构成15-19(一) 行政赔偿主体15-17(二) 行政赔偿行为17(三) 行政赔偿的损害结果17-18(四) 行政赔偿的因果关
系18-19三、我国行政赔偿制度的不足19-26(一) 行政赔偿范围较窄19-22(二) 行政赔偿程序不清22-24(三) 行政赔偿标准过低24-26四、完善我国行政赔偿制度的设想26-34(一) 扩大行政赔偿范围26-30(二) 完善行政赔偿程序30-32(三) 提高行政赔偿标准32-34结论34-35参考文献35-39论文摘
要(中文)39-41论文摘要(英文)41-43后记44
出师表
两汉：诸葛亮
先帝创业未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此诚危急存亡之秋也。

然侍卫之臣不懈于内，忠志之士忘身于外者，盖追先帝之殊遇，欲报之于陛下也。

诚宜开张圣听，以光先帝遗德，恢弘志士之气，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失义，以塞忠谏之路也。

宫中府中，俱为一体；陟罚臧否，不宜异同。

若有作奸犯科及为忠善者，宜付有司论其刑赏，以昭陛下平明之理；不宜偏私，使内外异法也。

侍中、侍郎郭攸之、费祎、董允等，此皆良实，志虑忠纯，是以先帝简拔以遗陛下：愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行，必能裨补阙漏，有所广益。

将军向宠，性行淑均，晓畅军事，试用于昔日，先帝称之曰“能”，是以众议举宠为督：愚以为营中之事，悉以咨之，必能使行阵和睦，优劣得所。

亲贤臣，远小人，此先汉所以兴隆也；亲小人，远贤臣，此后汉所以倾颓也。

先帝在时，每与臣论此事，未尝不叹息痛恨于桓、灵也。

侍中、尚书、长史、参军，此悉贞良死节之臣，愿陛下亲之、信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。

臣本布衣，躬耕于南阳，苟全性命于乱世，不求闻达于诸侯。

先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顾臣于草庐之中，咨臣以当世之事，由是感激，遂许先帝以驱驰。

后值倾覆，受任于败军之际，奉命于危难之间，尔来二十有一年矣。

先帝知臣谨慎，故临崩寄臣以大事也。

受命以来，夙夜忧叹，恐托付不效，以伤先帝之明；故五月渡泸，深入不毛。

今南方已定，兵甲已足，当奖率三军，北定中原，庶竭驽钝，攘除奸凶，兴复汉室，还于旧都。

此臣所以报先帝而忠陛下之职分也。

至于斟酌损益，进尽忠言，则攸之、祎、允之任也。

愿陛下托臣以讨贼兴复之效，不效，则治臣之罪，以告先帝之灵。

若无兴德之言，则责攸之、祎、允等之慢，以彰其咎；陛下亦宜自谋，以咨诹善道，察纳雅言，深追先帝遗诏。

臣不胜受恩感激。

今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。