11-12动词时体 (课堂PPT)

walking
walked walking
• I have been coming to Beijing for 14 years.
6
• 2. 深入理解每一种体态动作的核心（基本） 意义
一般时态具有完整和不变的核心意义，与进 行体相对。
进行体表示不完整的或未完成，有继续发展 或变化的余地。
3. 动词与时态表达有关 durative
I like winter swimming.
I swim 1,000 meters every afternoon. I have been swimming 1,000 meters every
afternoon, but I think I’ll make it a little longer later. 从过去一直到目前为止。
Dynamic verbs
transitional
Main Verbs
momentary Be, have
Stative verbs
Be-type, have-type Perception
psychological
7
II.Uses of present simple
• 一般现在时本质的思维特征是:表示从过 去到现在直至将来的一段时间内发生的 动作(act)或存在的状态。(动作或状态 的发生不限于某个特定时间）
话。
I had been trying to get her on the phone. Finally, she gave me a call.
5
I. A general survey of the tense and aspect
1. 时态的形式、意义和用法 ( Form, Meaning & Usage)
• The present simple can be used to denote the following meanings with greater restrictions on verbs.
8
1. Timeless present Knowledge is power. A rolling stone gathers no moss. Water consists of hydrogen and
all evil. 3. 你理了短发后， 我差一点把你当成别人。 I almost thought you were someone else
with that short haircut. 4. 我就知道你会得到那份工作。 I knew you’d get the job. 5. 这学期我修5门课。 I’m taking five courses this semester.
2
Present Past
现在时
过去时
Progressive Perfective
进行体
完成体
Simple Present 一般现在时
Simple Past 一般过去时
Future Time 将来时间
Present Progressive 现在进行体
Past Progressive 过去进行体
Present Perfective 现在完成体
1
Contents
• A general survey of the tense and aspect Uses of present simple Uses of past simple Uses of present progressive Uses of past progressive Uses of present perfective (progressive) Uses of past perfective (progressive) More on the use of perfective aspect
Simple
Progressive Perfective Perfective Progressive
Present walk/walks am/are walking
have/has have/has walked been walking
Past walked was/were had
had been
oxygen.
The sentences exemplify the so-called “timeless present”, indicating eternal truths, scientific, or geographical statements made for all time.
This use of the simple present mostly
Past Perfective 过去完成体
Present Perfective Progressive 现在完成进行体
Past Perfective Progressive 过去完成进行体
3
Translation
1.我听说你要搬家。 I hear you are moving. 2.《圣经》里说贪财是万恶之源。 The Bible says love of money is the root of
applies to what kind of verbs?
Stative verbs
9
2. Habitual present
• Percy often goes to his offห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ce by underground.
习惯动作：typically associated with dynamic verbs.
4
6. 银行只给我2%的利息。 The bank is only paying me 2 percent interest
on my money. 7.我结婚有一年多了。 I have been married for over a year. 8. 自我来中国已有三年了。 It has been three years since I came to China. 9.我最近一直在考虑换份工作。 I have been thinking about changing my job. 10. 我当时一直是打电话找她，最后她给我回了个电