高一 定 语 从 句 附 句子成分划分

定语从句

一、定义及特点：在复合句中用来修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句（即一个从句作定语）。其特点是关系词代替先行词在从句中作句子成分。

二、分类及区别：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。它们的区别有四点：1、从重要性上看：限制性定语从句在整个句子中比较重要，省去后会影响整个句子意思的表达；而非限制性定语从句则反之。2、从句子形式上看：限制性定语从句的引导词前面无逗号，而非限制性定语从句的引导词前面有逗号。3、从引导词上看：that，why可以引导限制性定语从句，但却不可以引导非限制性定语从句。4、从引导词可否省略上看：在限制性定语从句中作宾语的引导词可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中的引导词无论作什么成分都不可以省略。

三、用法（详解）

一、限制性定语从句的用法：

（一）关系代词引导的定语从句。

1、关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose，as引导的定语从句的用法。

⑴that可以指人，也可以指事物，在定语从句中作主宾表（作宾语时可以省略）。如：Who is the man that is reading a newspaper there？（作主语指人）

The girl（that）we saw yesterday is Jim's sister.（作宾语指事物）

A dolphin is an animal that lives in the sea.（作主语指事物）

The moon cakes that mother cooked taste nice.（作宾语指事物）

⑵which指事物，在定语从句中作主宾表（作宾语时可以省略）。

如：The silk which is produced in Suzhou sells well.（作主语指事物）

The song（which）the singer sang were very popular.（作宾语指事物）

⑶who，whom指人：who，whom在定语从句中分别作主宾表

（who也可以作宾语，who/whom作宾语时可以省略）；whose可以指人（= of whom）或事物（=of which）不可以省略）。如：

The student who sits on my left is an American.（作主语指人）

The person（who/whom）you just talked to is our headmaster.（作宾语指人）

I know the woman whose daughter studies abroad.（作定语指人）

⑷as指物，常用于such…as，the same…as，as…as结构中，在定语从句中作宾语、表语、定语和状语，不可以省略。如：

This is not such a book as I expected.（作宾语指物）

It is the same place as it used to be.（作表语指物）

I like the same book as you do.（作定语指物）

I shall do it in the same way as you did.（作状语指物）

（二）关系副词引导的定语从句。

1、关系副词when，where，why引导的限制性定语从句的用法。

⑴when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，不可以省略。如：

We still remember the years when/during which we studied together.

⑵where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，不可以省略。如：

This is the place where/in which he lives.

⑶why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，不可以省略。如：

Do you know the reason why/for which I was late for class？

定语从句考点讲解

根据定语从句先行词的所指（指人/物/时间/地点/原因）、先行词的所做成分、及其可否省略，三个因素来综合确定定语从句的引导词。

一、四个引导词

1.只用that引导定语从句的情况：（定语从句宜用that有三看）

一看先行词是什么

①当先行词既有人又有物时，只能用that。如：

They talked about the things and persons that they remembered in the school.

⑵当先行次本身为who和which时。

③当先行词是数词或all，much，little, everything，anything，nothing，none，the one等指物的不定代词时，只能用that。如：

Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water.

Now you can see the two that are still alive.

I had to remember everything that the teacher taught me.

注意：当先行词是something时，关系代词用that/which都可以；当先行词是someone，anyone，everyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，all，those，one（s）指人时，关系代词用that，who，whom都可以。

二看先行词用什么来修饰

⑴当先行词被all，much，some，any，（a）few，(a) little，no, none, no one

等修饰时，只能用that。如：

I have done all the things that he told us to do. He has no books that I need.

⑵当先行词是序数词/形容词最高级或被序数词/形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that。如：

He was the first（person）that got to the top of the Mount Qomolangma.

He worked out the most difficult problem that I had seen.

I like the tallest（person）that was asked to come here.

⑶当先行词被the very，the only，the last修饰时，只能用that。如：

It is the very book that I am looking for.

三看在什么句式中

①当主句主语为what, who，which开头的特殊疑问句时，只能用that。如：Who is the boy that was here just now？

Which is the bike that you lost？

②主句是There/Here be结构时，当主语指物时，修饰其主语的定语从句用that引导；同时，定语从句部分是there be…句型时，也只能用that引导。如：There is still a seat that is free.

He asks for a book that there is on the subject.

③当句子中有两个以上从句，其中一个已经用了which时，只能用that。如：Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.

④当先行词是主句的表语而引导词又在定语从句中作表语时，只能用that。如：

China is no longer the country that it used to be.

2.只用which引导定语从句的情况：

①作介词的宾语且介词提前的时候（此时which不可省略）。如：This is the house of which the windows face south.