高中英语高考作文隐喻的运用(共六大类)讲义-2023届高三英语二轮复习

高考英语作文中隐喻的运用
一、人体
1.Face
She tried to put on a brave face .尽管伤口很疼，她还是尽力摆出一副无畏的表情。

2.Hand
Could you give/lend me a hand with (= help me to move) the table, please?你能帮我搬一下这张桌子吗？
I think Matthew might need a hand with his maths homework.我看马修可能需要人帮他做数学功课。

3.Bone
feel / know sth in your bones从内心里感受到某事，确信某事为真，预感到会有某事:
She knew that something good was sure to happen; she could feel it in her bones.她觉得肯定有好事要发生了，她有这样的预感。

4.backbone骨气，毅力
Stuart doesn't have the backbone to be a good manager.
斯图尔特不具备一个优秀管理人员应有的毅力。

二、人体运动
1.Swallow 抑制（感情，言语）；吞没；轻信
he swallowed his pride.
他忍住不流露出骄傲之情。

the dark mist swallowed her up.
黑雾吞没了她。

He swallowed her story whole.他对她的说法深信不疑。

三、疾病
1.infectious 〔情感或笑声〕有感染力的
an infectious smile 有感染力的微笑
infectious enthusiasm 富有感染力的热情
2.Pain 讨厌的人(或事)；令人头痛的人(或事)
She can be a real pain when she's in a bad mood.她脾气不好时,真是令人头痛。

He sobbed as he recalled the painful memory.回想那段痛苦的往事时他啜泣起来。

3.paralysed
He was absolutely paralysed with shock.他惊得呆若木鸡。

me
She gave some lame excuse about missing the bus.
她找了个站不住脚的借口，说是没有赶上公共汽车。

5.wound〔感情、心灵上的〕伤痛，伤害
Lick one’s wounds（失败或被羞辱后）舔伤，重整旗鼓
The British team was returning home yesterday to lick its wounds after defeat by India.英国队负于印度队后，昨日回国休整。

It will take much longer for the mental wounds to heal .精神上的创伤需要更长的时间才能愈合。

rub salt in/into the wound 伤口上撒盐，雪上加霜（使某一困难局势对某人来说变得更糟）
Losing was bad enough, having to watch them receiving the trophy just rubbed salt into the wound.落败已经很糟糕了；还要看着他们接受那个奖杯，更是在伤口上撒盐。

四、动物
1.Mouse
Stand up for your rights! What are you—a man or a mouse?!要维护你的权利！你是哪种人——男子汉还是懦夫？！
2.wolf
wolf down狼吞虎咽地吃
The girls wolfed down the pizza in minutes.女孩子们几分钟之内就把比萨饼狼吞虎咽地吃下去了。

3.Sheepish局促不安的，窘迫的，尴尬的:
Sam looked a bit sheepish .萨姆看上去有些局促不安。

a sheepish grin窘迫的一笑
sheepishly adv:
She smiled sheepishly .她尴尬地笑了笑。

mb 温柔可爱的人〔尤指小孩〕
Ben's asleep now, the little lamb.本正在睡觉，像可爱的小羔羊。

Suzie went off to school like a lamb today.苏齐今天乖乖地去上学了。

五、建筑
1.Wall（感情上的）隔阂，壁垒，障碍
There is a wall of mistrust between the two groups.这两个团体互不信任，中间像隔着一道墙。

wall of silence 〔你想知道某事却〕无人回应，沉默:
The police investigation was met with a wall of silence.
警方的调查遭遇沉默的坚冰。

2.foundations
lay the foundations of/for 打下…的基础；为…打下基础
He helped to lay the foundations of English drama.他在奠定英国戏剧的基础方面做出了贡献。

3.home
Bring home to sb使(某人)相信或明白…：
You must bring the difficulty home to John.你必须使约翰相信存在这种困难。

/The situation brings home to us the need for drastic preventive measures.这种情况使我们深切地感到，采取坚决的预防措施是必要的。

/You must bring home to Tonny where the difficulty lies.你必须使托尼明白困难之所在。

4.Door 门路
• to open the door(s)to [something] 打开通向某事物的大门
• to close or shut the door on or to [something] 把某事的门堵死
• to leave or keep the door open (for [something]) （为某事）留有余地
• to shut or slam the door on [somebody] or in [somebody's] face 将某人拒之门外
• when one door closes, another one opens 当一扇门关闭时，另一扇就打开了
5.Key
Working well as a team is the key to success .团队合作良好是成功的关键。

6.unlock
the secrets of one's heart 倾吐心中的秘密
This class will unlock your creativity.这门课程将开启你的创造力。

7.lock
Their eyes locked together (=they could not look away from each other) for an instant.他们四目相交，对视了片刻。

8.Window
Television provides us with a useful window on the world.电视为我们提供了了解世界的有用渠道。

六、天气类
1.sunny
一般比喻快乐。

A sunny outlook乐观的前景，其它如：
she usually looks on the sunny side 她遇事通常都往好处看
It was always good to see her sunny smile.看到她快乐的笑容总是会令人开心。

2.wind
winds of change / freedom / public opinion etc, 改革/自由/舆论等之风，基本指的是无人能阻止的变化的趋势。

The winds of change are blowing through the entire organization.整个机构刮起了改革之风。

3.breeze
一般比喻的短语breeze through 轻松完成; 轻松通过:
He breezed through the exam.他毫不费力地通过了考试。

而breeze into你可以轻松猜测意思了吧：She just breezed into my office and said she wanted a job.她一阵风似的进了我的办公室，说想找份工作。

4.hurricane
比喻造成不好影响的情绪和行动：the hurricane of grief and anger that swept the nation举国上下的极度悲伤和愤怒。

5.whirlwind旋风
real whirlwind romance真是旋风式的恋爱a whirlwind tour/visit旋风式的旅行／拜访
6.storm
比喻的都是剧烈的情绪，或者不受人欢迎的情况。

常见的就是以下的用法，相当普遍哦，尤其是读后续写中。

There was a storm of protest when the new tax was announced.宣布新税目后，引发了抗议风潮。

Her performance has taken the London critics by storm.她的表演完全征服了伦敦评论界。

He stormed out of the house, slamming the door as he went.他气呼呼地冲出房子，砰地关上门。

"Get out and never come back!" he stormed.“滚出去，再也不许回来！”他咆哮道。

7.thunder
雷的隐喻就是很大的噪声。

"I never want to see you here again!" he thundered.“我再也不想在这里见到你！”他怒吼道。

I couldn't hear what he was saying over the thunder of the waterfall.瀑布震天响，我听不清他说的话。

The train thundered past, shaking the whole house.火车轰隆隆驶过，整座房子都晃动起来。

8.lightning
形容快
She changed her clothes with lightning speed (= extremely quickly).她飞快地换了衣服。

9.shower
阵雨顾名思义很多雨同时出现，所以它比喻大量同时出现的事物。

作动词用通常是给与他人许多礼物等，而且常常显得过分。

She received a shower of praise from her colleagues.她的同事都向她说了一大堆赞美的话。

She shook the bottle violently and showered us with champagne.她用力晃动酒瓶，向我们喷洒香槟。

Hundreds of leaflets were showered over the town.无数传单从小镇上空纷纷落下。

She had no children and showered her love on her three nieces.她没有孩子，所有的爱都倾注在了她的三个侄女身上。

10.hail
hail所以比喻为伤人或具有破坏力的事物，通常说的是侮辱：
a hail of curses/criticism 连珠炮似的咒骂/批评
hail curses on [somebody] 痛骂某人
11.frost
语气冰冷的，英语也一样用到这个词：
With more than a touch of frost in his voice他的声音中不仅仅有一丝冷淡
12.icy
an icy stare 冷冷的盯视; an icy smile冷淡的微笑
13.fog
比喻阻碍人们清楚理解
be in a fog about [something] 对某物感到困惑
a fog of ignorance 无知造成的困惑
其形容词也常用：I haven't the foggiest (idea) 我完全蒙在鼓里
I hadn't the foggiest idea what he was talking about.我完全不明白他在讲甚么。

14.cloud
说someone or something is under a cloud指人们认为某人或某事物可疑，好像此人已犯了错误或该事物已出了问题。

这使此人很难继续正常工作，该事物很难继续正常运作。

I'll probably live the rest of my life under this cloud.
大概我将要在人们怀疑的阴云下度过我的余生。

说something casts a cloud over one's situation 指某事使某人的情况变得不那么有希望、不那么令人乐观。

That immediately casts a cloud over the future of the other player.
那件事立即给另一名选手的前途罩上了一片阴云。

说there is a cloud hanging over someone 指某人因某件烦人的事情的发生而感到不高兴。

此事的发生也许是此人的错，而他不知道此事将会有什么后果。

这很难使他对将来充满希望。

We do not want the tour to end with this cloud hanging over us；we have nothing to hide.
我们不想在这次巡回比赛在结束时还让这件烦人的事压在我们的心头；我们没有什么要隐瞒的。

说something clouds a situation which would normally be good 指某事物破坏了一个在正常情况下会是很好的形势。

这一用法在长篇小说中最为常见。

Recent meetings have been clouded by serious public disagreements.
最近的会议被严重的公开分歧破坏了。

说someone's face or expression clouds or clouds over指某人不再显得很快乐。

这一用法长篇小说中最为常见。

Trish's face clouded with disappointment.
特里西感到很失望·脸显得阴沉。

说something clouds someone's judgement or thoughts 指某事物使某人的判断或思考不如往常准确。

说something clouds an issue指某事物使人更加难以理解某个问题。

这种情况的发生经常是因为涉及到强烈的情绪。

以下是常与这一意义的cloud一起使用的一些例词：
issue mind thoughts judgement thinking vision。