英国2_英国政府

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• St. Jame’s Palace
圣詹姆斯宫
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P. 24-28
The Parliament
Parliamentary government – Westminster model (P.24)
• In this system , the legislature立法机关 elects the country’s chief executive, called the prime minister, from the rank s of the majority party in the parliament.
• Unitary system 一体制国家 （P.20）
— laws give all authority to the central government
• Three tiers of the British government (P.20)
a. the central government b. the county government c. the district government
• The prime minister then selects cabinet ministers, mainly from among members of parliament, so the parliamentary majority also controls the executive departments of the government.
• Elizabeth II, By The Grace Of God, Of The United Kingdom Of Great Britain And Northern Ireland And Of Her Other Realms And Territories Queen, Head Of The Commonwealth, Defender Of The Faith
• 承上帝洪恩，大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国与其属土及领地之 女皇伊丽莎白二世，英联邦元首，（基督教）信仰的保护者。
• Exercised supreme power in the past, gradually decreased after the founding of the law courts in the 12th century and Parliament in the 13th century.
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Expenditure (P.23)
• Public: annual grant, Civil List 王室薪俸 • Private: Privy Purse国王私用金
Duchy of Lancaster 兰开斯特庄园 女王 Duchy of Cornwall 康沃尔庄园 皇太子
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Powers of Parliament (P.24)
• Parliament is the supreme legislative organ. • It has power to make, unmake or change an law • The parliament can issue a vote of no confidence,
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Public Opinions towards the Monarch (P.21-22)
1. the living symbol of national unity 2. the natural focus for popular loyalty, the highest standard of
8. As a head of state, she concludes treaties and declares war. (P.5)
9. As a head of state, she must be informed and consulted on every aspect of the national life to the
morality and the continuity of national history. 3. Many English traditional ceremonies and customs are
associated with the monarch. 4. Royal marriages and funerals are marked by impressive
• Constitutional Monarchy 立宪君主制 (P.19)
— the formal and permanent head of state is a monarch with limited powers. The monarch reigns the country, but not rules. It means the Queen can only rule with the advice of parliament and elective officials.
• Five years • Five sessions
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Terms related to Parliament (P.24-25)
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Governments:
• Monarchy 君主制
• Republic 共和制
• Federalism 联邦制
not very common around world
• Socialism 社会主义
前苏联， 前南斯拉夫，中国
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The Government of the United Kingdom
widest possible extent. (P.6)
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Public Opinions towards the Monarch (P.21-22)
• Question: Why do the British people still have a great affection for the Queen?
Section Two
The British Government
Focal points:
System of the government The Monarch Parliament The House of Lords and Noble Titles The House of Commons The Government and the Cabinet local Governments
a punishment all or part of the sentence passed on a criminal by granting a ‘royal pardon’. (P.2) 5. As the “fountain of honor”, she gives many important honors and awards. (P.2)
• Other royal wealth:
Buckingham Palace Windsor Castle St. Jame’s Palace
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ResBiblioteka Baidudence (P.23)
• Buckingham Palace 白金汉宫
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• Windsor Castle
温莎城堡
（p. 2）
• Responsible government
• Party politics
• Sovereign & Crown
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The Role of Monarch （P.21 ）
1. The Queen summons, prorogues and dissolves Parliament.
which removes the prime minister and cabinet from their jobs. • Parliament determines the revenue and expenditure of the government.
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Term of parliament (P. 24)
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6. As head of the state, she appoints the Prime Minister, ministers, and important officials and officers. (P.2)
7. As Supreme Governor of the established Church of England, she appoints the archbishops and bishops. (P.2)
• The prime minister holds power at the will of the parliamentary majority party or coalition.
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Composition of Parliament (P.24 p2)
• the monarch (queen or king) • the House of Lords • the House of Commons
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Succession (P.22)
Priority
• 威尔士亲王查尔斯王储殿下（伊丽莎白二世的长子） • 威廉王子殿下（查尔斯王储的长子） • 亨利王子殿下（又名哈利王子，查尔斯王储的次子） • 约克公爵殿下（又名安德鲁王子，伊丽莎白二世的第二个
儿子） • 比阿特丽斯公主殿下（约克公爵的长女） • 欧吉妮公主殿下（约克公爵的次女） • 威塞克斯伯爵殿下（又名爱德华王子，伊丽莎白二世的第
• The composition of the central government
a. the monarch b. Parliament c. the cabinet
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The Monarch （P.20）
The Monarch (P.20)
• The full name of the Monarch
三个儿子）
• The sons of the Sovereign and their descendants have precedence
over daughters while the daughters take precedence over the
Sovereign’s brothers. • 君主—君主的儿子及其子女—君主女儿—君主的兄弟
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In conclusion
• Constitutionally, the Crown will act only upon the advice of H.M. Government; its practical functions in that regard are only “to advise, to guide, and to warn”.
2. She opens the new session of Parliament. 3. A bill passed by Parliament must receive Royal Assent
before it becomes law. 4. As the “fountain of justice”, she remits someone from
ceremonial. 5. The birthday of the Sovereign 6. Royal visits to various parts of the country 7. The royal family performs a lot of ceremonial functions. 8. An active part in charity work 9. acts as host to the heads of state of other countries