高考英语一轮复习《省略句》常考题解析

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高考英语一轮复习21:省略句
一、单选题
1.When ________ to the local cultures, people 1learn the foreign languages better.
A.exposing B.having exposed C.are exposed D.exposed
【分析】当接触到当地文化时,人们会更好地学习外语。

此处是状语从句的省略,从句主语和主句主语people一致,和动词expose之间是被动关系,故完整形式为When people are exposed to the local cultures,当状语从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be动词时,可将从句主语和be动词省略。

故选D。

2.— What do you think of Buckingham Palace?
—Marvelous! Once ______, it can never be forgotten.
A.saw B.to see C.seen D.seeing
【分析】——你觉得白金汉宫怎么样?——不可思议的!一旦看到,就永远不会忘记。

本句为状语从句的省略,还原后为:Once it is seen,省略了it is。

故选C。

3.Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
A.he explained B.what he explained
C.how he explained D.why he explained.
【分析】这就是他在会议上解释的工作中失误的原因吗?在分析句子的时候可以把疑问句变成陈述句再进行分析,即This is the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work.本句的主语为this,因为explain为及物动词,由此可知后面的从句中缺少动词explain的宾语,所以为一定语从句,故选A。

4.What annoys me is the way ________ he is always showing off his good grades.
A.which B.how C.where D./
【分析】让我恼火的是他总是炫耀自己的好成绩。

________ he is always showing off his good grades
是限制性定语从句,先行词是the way,在从句中作方式状语,应用that/in which引导,也可省略,故选D。

5.While ____ in the street, he came across his old friend.
A.to walk B.walking C.walked D.he walk
【分析】当他走在大街上,他偶遇了他的老朋友。

当时间、条件、让步状语从句的主语与主句主语一致,且有be动词时,可以省略从句的主语及be动词;此处while引导的完整句子为“While he was walking in the street”,句子省略了主语he和be动词,此处应用现在分词,故选B。

6.When making scientific experiments, ________.
A.temporary setbacks would easily discourage people
B.one should not be discouraged by temporary setbacks
C.what discourages people may be those temporary setbacks
D.it is important to avoid being discouraged by temporary setbacks
【分析】做科学实验时,一个人不应因一时的挫折而灰心。

A. temporary setbacks would easily discourage people 暂时的挫折很容易使人泄气;B. one should not be discouraged by temporary setbacks 一个人不应因一时的挫折而灰心; C. what discourages people may be those temporary setbacks 使人气馁的可能是那些暂时的挫折; D. it is important to avoid being discouraged by temporary setbacks 重要的是要避免因暂时的挫折而气馁。

when引导的从句是带连词的现在分词短语作状语,因为从句的主语与主句的主语是主动关系,故用现在分词。

只有选项B中的主语one可以作从句的逻辑主语。

故选B。

7.Which of the following sentences is wrong?
A.He spoke abruptly, in barely comprehensible Arabic.
B.We overlook our own roles in shaping children's minds.
C.After losing her sight, her other senses grew more sensitive.
D.Multivitamins are no substitute for exercise and a balanced diet, of course.
题意:下面哪个句子是错误的?A.他突然用几乎无法理解的阿拉伯语说话;B.我们忽视了自己在塑造儿童思想中的作用;C.在她失明后,她的其他感觉也变得更加敏感了;D.当然,复合维生素并不
能替代运动和均衡的饮食。

C选项中主语是her other senses,但是losing her sight的主语是she,所以应该把本句改写为After she lost her sight, her other senses grew more sensitive.。

故选C。

8.He was born in an extended family. His family, is richer than mine.
A.if so B.if anything C.if ever D.if not
【分析】他出生在一个大家庭里。

如果要说有什么区别的话,他家比我家更有钱。

A. if so“如果是这样的话”;B. if anything“如果有什么区别的话”;C. if ever“如果有过的话”;D. if not“如果不”。

状语从句省略了it is,根据后文“is richer than mine”可知是将自己与他进行比较,说明二者的区别是他家比“我家”更有钱。

故选B。

9.Though ____ the dangers of smoking to their health, smokers still find it hard to give up smoking.
A.aware B.aware of C.are aware of D.be aware of
【分析】尽管明白吸烟对他们健康的伤害,但吸烟者仍然发现戒烟很困难。

根据句意可知,此处为固定短语,be aware of,“明白”;在though引导的让步状语从句中,因从句主语和主句主语一致(都是smokers),且从句中有be,故可省略从句的主语和be,完整的句子为:though smokers are aware of the dangers of smoking to their health。

故选B。

10.Generally speaking, when according to the directions, the medicine has no side effect.
A.taken B.taking C.to take D.to be taken
【分析】通常说来,当被按照说明书服用时,这个药没有副作用。

when引导一个时间状语从句,句中take与逻辑主语the drug构成动宾关系,要用被动;状语从句中,当主语相同,谓语动词是系动词时,可以省略,省略了the medicine is,故选A。

11.Though _________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A.surprising B.was surprised
C.surprised D.being surprised
【分析】教授见到我们虽然很惊讶,但还是热情地欢迎了我们。

be surprised to do,固定短语,“对做
某事很惊讶”,在though引导的让步状语从句中,当从句主语与主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时,可省略从句的主语和be,本句完整形式为:Though he was surprised to see us,相当于省略了he was,故C正确。

12.The boy want to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _____.
A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to
【分析】男孩想在街上骑车,但他妈妈叫他不要这么做。

不定式的内容如果前面出现了,为避免充分,可以省略后面的do,只保留不定式符号to.故选A。

13.with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A.Compare B.When comparing C.Comparing D.When compared
【分析】当最大的海洋和整个地球相比时,最大的海洋似乎一点也不大了。

当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且状语从句中有系动词be的时候,可以把状语从句的主语和be动词一起省略。

如果状语从句中有it is的时候,it is 也可以省略。

本句实际上在when后面省略了the biggest ocean is,因为该短语就是后面句子的主语,所以把the biggest ocean is省略了。

根据句意the biggest ocean 和比较是被动关系,用过去分词。

故选D。

14.If in a scientific way, this kind of dog will be able to work as a guide for the blind.
A.training B.having trained C.trained D.to train
【分析】如果经过科学训练,这种狗就能给盲人当向导。

在if引导的状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致且从句含有be的某种形式时,可省略从句的主语和be;此处主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来,且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态,从句完整形式为“If this kind of dog is trained in a scientific way”,相当于省略了this kind of dog is。

故选C。

15.This is an illness that can result in total blindness if ______.
A.to leave untreating B.left untreated
C.leaving untreating D.is left untreated
【分析】这种疾病如果不治疗,可能导致完全失明。

分析句子可知,if 引导的条件状语从句应该是if it is left untreated,因为it 指代的是illness,和主句的主语一致,所以,可以省略it is,根据句意可知,动词leave和主语illness之间是被动关系,所以要用过去分词,故选B。

要求学生会分析句子成分以及上下文联系。

二、语法填空
16.When (walk) in the park, Lily came across an old friend.
【分析】在公园散步时,Lily遇到了一位老朋友。

分析句子结构可知,逗号前是状语从句,其主语与主句主语所指为同一人,且表示正在进行的动作,由主句时态可知,应用过去进行时,即when she was walking in the park,当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致,且含有be动词时,省略从句中的主语和be动词,故填walking。

17.While (cross) the street, he was knocked over by a car.
【分析】在过马路时,他被一辆汽车撞倒。

cross,通过,动词,he 和cross在逻辑上是主谓关系,现在分词表主动,此处作状语,故填crossing 。

18.Her father told her to be careful when (cross) the street.
【分析】她父亲告诉她过马路时要小心。

her 和cross 在逻辑上是主谓关系,现在分词表主动,此处作状语,故填crossing 。

19.This is an illness that can result in total blindness left untreated.(用适当的连接词填空)
【分析】这是一种如果不治疗可导致完全失明的疾病。

不治疗疾病是完全失明的条件,因此本句为if 引导的条件状语从句的省略,故填if。

20.not an economist himself, Dr. Smith has long been a severe critic of the government's economic policies.(用适当的连接词补全句子)
【分析】尽管史密斯博士本人不是经济学家,长期以来一直严厉批评政府的经济政策。

前后是转折
关系,此处应是让步状语从句的省略,故填Although/Though。

21.After(encourage) by what Jane said, Peter walked to the centre of the stage.
【分析】在简所说的鼓励下,彼得走到舞台中央。

当时间状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致,且有be动词时,可以省略从句主语和be动词,完整句子为After Peter was encouraged by what Jane said,此处省略Peter was,保留过去分词。

故填encouraged。

22.This is a terrible disease that can result in total blindness, left untreated. (用适当的词填空)
【分析】这是一种可怕的疾病,如果不加以治疗,会导致完全失明。

本句为if引导的条件状语从句,涉及到条件状语从句的省略,即当从句的主语和主句的主语一致(或者从句的主语为it)且从句谓语中包含be动词,这时可以省略从句的主语和be动词,完整形式为“if it is left untreated”,符合句意。

故填if。

23.She discovered so many amazing things while(explore) the new city.
【分析】在探索这座新城市的过程中,她发现了许多令人惊奇的事情。

在while引导的时间状语从句中,当从句主语和主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式时,可省略从句的主语和be,she与explore之间是主动关系,此处表示过去正在进行的动作,用现在分词,故填exploring。

24.Children, when (accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. (单词的适当形式填空)
【分析】孩子们在父母的陪同下可以进入体育场。

此处是when引导的状语从句,从句的主语和主句的主语Children一致,可用代词they代替,且由by their parents可知此处是被动语态,时态是一般现在时,此时可省略when从句的主语和be代词,即when (they are) accompnied by their parents。

故填accompanied。

25.He arrived earlier than (expect).
【分析】他到的比预期的早。

than (主语+is/ was) expected 是个比较状语从句,主语和be动词省略了,意为“比预期的”原句为“He arrived earlier than (he had been) expected”。

故填expected。

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