在阅读理解中推测词义的八个技巧

我们在阅读中不免会遇到生词或者虽然遇到的是学过的词但按学过的词义却理解不通，即熟词生义，这就需要根据语境去推断其意义。同时，在高考英语全国卷中，推断词义也几乎每年都要考查。因此，

掌握词义的推测技巧非常重要。

技巧1根据定义或解释猜测

信号词有 be called， be known as, be defined as, or, that is (to say), namely, in other words，以及破折号、冒号、同位语等。

[例 1]The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

解析：根据 is called (被叫做) 可知， cryptography 意为“密码学”。

[例 2]In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water their fields.

解析：or 是用来解释的“或者”，其前后的词语，意思是相近的，故

irrigate 的意思为“灌溉”。

[例 3] It will be very hard but also very brittle——that is, it will break easily.

解析：破折号都起着对前面的内容进行解释说明的作用，故 brittle 意思为“易碎的”。

技巧2根据定语从句猜测

[例 4] A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.

解析：通过 A person 后面的定语从句可知 carpenter 的意思为“木匠”。

技巧3根据对比或转折关系猜测

信号词有 but, however, yet, otherwise, while, though, on the one hand...on the other hand, instead of 等。

[例 5]Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.

解析：根据 though 可知， grubby 与 clean 应互为反义词，故 grubby 意为“肮脏的”。

[例 6] John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.

解析：由 however 可知， thrifty 与 waste a lot of money 的意思相反，

即“节俭的，节约的”。

技巧4根据因果关系猜测

信号词有 because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so... that, such...that, thus 等。

[例 7]Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times

its normal length because it is very elastic.

解析：前面提到能伸展正常长度的 9 倍，后面用 because引出原因，故

elastic 的意思为“有弹力的”。

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