高中英语阅读长句难句理解

Ⅰ．下面的句子摘自全国各地高考英语试题的阅读理解部分。准确理解它们，对做好后面相应的试题至关重要。请在下面横线上填上合适的内容，并注意领会理解长难句的思路和方法。

1. Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir (回忆录) of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education. (全国卷ⅠD篇)

我们来分析句子的结构：这是一个复合句。首先找出句子的主干：Anyone will be interested in the memoir。Anyone是主语，谓语是_______________，memoir是____语。Anyone 后面是一个由who引导的______从句，用来限定Anyone所指的范围。在这个从句中，又包含两个由and连接并分别由what和how 引导的______从句，表示cares about的内容。逗号后面的部分是由who引导的______从句，修饰Ralph W. Tyler，是对他所做的补充说明。以上分析可以帮助我们很容易地找到下面第68题的答案。

68. Who are most probably interested in Ralph W. Tyler's memoir?

A. Top managers.

B. Language learners.

C. Serious educators.

D. Science organizations.

2. An evaluation earlier this year reported that children on the scheme made 20 months' progress in just one year, whereas similarly weak readers without special help made just five months' progress, and so ended the year even further below the level expected for their age. (山东卷B篇)

分析句子结构：这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句。其中宾语从句又是一个由_______连接的并列句。第一个并列分句的主干___________________________________，第二个分句的主干是weak readers made five months' progress and ended the year。能否正确地理解这句话，直接影响到下面第62题的解答。

62. What do we know about Reading Recovery?

A. An evaluation of it will be made sometime this year.

B. Weak readers on the project were the most hardworking.

C. It aims to train special teachers to help children with reading.

D. Children on the project showed noticeable progress in reading.

3. In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home. (上海卷D篇)

这个句子的主干是：a design student is to receive financial support。逗号前面的部分是由In引导的介词短语，在句中做___语。其中的green business又带有一个由that引导的______从句。made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home是过去分词短语做tents的___语。其中cardboard又带有一个由that引导的定语从句。在这个定语从句中，还包含一个由after引导的状语从句。理清句子的结构，对于解决下面第76题很有帮助。

76. "Eco-friendly tents" in paragraph 1 refers to tents ________.

A. economically desirable

B. favorable to the environment

C. for holding music performance

D. designed for disaster relief

Ⅱ．阅读下面的句子，找出句子的主干（即整个长句的主语、谓语和宾语），分析句子的结构，同时注意思考以下问题：

①如何在长句中迅速找到句子的主干部分？

②在复合句中哪类词能帮助我们迅速确定各种从句？

③怎样判断长句中的某个部分是句子的次要信息？

例：The three friends, Elliot the cucumber, Sedgewick the gourd and George the grape, work as waiters at a dinner theater, a restaurant that presents a play during dinner. (Vegetable heroes, Para. 3, P4)

句子主干：主语：friends 谓语：work

结构分析：复合句。three是数词做定语，修饰friends；Elliot the cucumber, Sedgewick the gourd (葫芦) and George the grape做friends的同位语；as waiters和at a dinner theater是介词短语做状语，修饰work；dinner theater后面的部分是同位语，用来对dinner theater进行解释，其中that…dinner是定语从句，修饰restaurant。