学术英语写作Unit-8-reports

What is a lab report
The lab report is written by students in laboratory courses to explore a scientific concept. Its primary purpose is to help students learn something about science.
The Goal of a Lab Report
The purpose of a lab report is to clearly explain why you have done the experiment, how you have done the experiment, what you have found in this experiment, and what do your results mean. The report should be written in a very direct manner without any extraneous information. Typically, the main body of a report is written in the passive voice (e.g. "The temperature was measured" as opposed to "I measured the temperature"),with the exception of the conclusions when personal pronouns can be used to describe your real understanding. Reports are usually best written following a specific format with sections that address each of the points mentioned above.
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A good lab report shows your sound thinking before the investigation (thoughtful hypothesis, rationale and background information) and after the investigation (results, discussion and conclusion).
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the name and number of the experiment;
your instructor's name; your lab partner's name; the date the lab was performed; the lab due date.
Preparation for a Lab Report
Sample of an Abstract This experiment examined the effect of line orientation and arrowhead angle on a subject's ability to perceive line length, thereby testing the
Suggestions on writing a lab report
The report is concise and complete. The most effective communication of your ideas is usually done in the shortest possible space. We must state the results and how they were obtained in the most economical manner. All information required to repeat such an experiment must be included in the report.
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Format of a Lab Report
The report needs to be written in sufficient detail so that a person on the same level as you can read the report and perform the same experiment. It should be written in good English and must not be in note form. Normally the report is divided into sections. Below is a guide that will aid you in your preparation of a report.
The report is written in proper, consistent and grammatically correct English, including proper spelling.
Format suggestions
The cover page of your lab report should include:
Unit 15 reports
1. Lab Report 2. Progress Report
1. Lab Report
What is a lab report The goal of a lab report Suggestions on writing a lab report Format suggestion Preparation for a lab report Format of a lab report
(eg. Not "Lab #4" but "Lab #4: Sample Analysis using the Debye-Sherrer Method").
The Abstract
The Abstract summarizes four essential aspects of the report: the purpose of the experiment (sometimes expressed as the purpose of the report), key findings, significance and major conclusions. The abstract often also includes a brief reference to theory or methodology. The information should clearly enable readers to decide whether they need to read your whole report. The abstract should be one paragraph of 100-200 words (the sample below is 191 words).
Typical components of a lab report are:
Typical Components
1. TitΒιβλιοθήκη e Page 2. Abstract
Note: Verb Tenses 3. Introduction 4. Methods and Materials (or
Equipment) 5. Experimental Procedure
Before a report can be written, the student must take a set of measurements. For this purpose the students are required to keep a laboratory notebook (not loose leaf type) in which the observations are recorded. This should include the date, time of day, the temperature and any pertinent information that may prove useful in explaining your data later. Discarded data should be lightly crossed out so that it is still readable. This may be useful later in tracing any source of disturbances. The type of equipment used should be identified (by make and model) and recorded. The notebook may be checked by the instructor(s) from time to time and is to be turned in with the last report.
6. Results 7. Discussion 8. Conclusion 9. References 10. Appendices
The Title Page
The Title Page needs to contain the name of the experiment, the names of lab partners, and the date. Titles should be straightforward, informative, and less than ten words