2017中考英语知识点:不定式(二)
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2017中考英语知识点:不定式(二)plicatedproblem.
2.Thestrangerofferedtoshowmetheway.
3.Mr.SmithundertooktobuildanewplantinSouthAfrica.
动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式:
这类动词常见的有advise,decide,findout,forget,inquire,know,learn,see,regard,remember,teac h,tell,understand,wonder等。常见的疑问代(副)词有:what,when,where,which,how,whether等。
1.Hedoesnotknowwhentostart.
2.Youcandecidewhethertocontinueortostop.
3.Iwillshowyouhowtodealwithit.
有时,不定式可由it代替,而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达:动词(如find,think,consider,feel等)+it+形容词+不定式。
1.Sheconsidersitnecessarytomakefriendswithhim.
2.Wefinditdifficulttofinishallthehomeworkbefore9o’clock.
3)不定式做表语
一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件);表语也是不定式(表示结果):
1.Toseeistobelieve.
2.Toworkmeanstoearnaliving.
另一种情况为主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,job,plan,problem,purpose,
thing,wish等名词为中心的短语,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用:;例如:
1.Hisaimistostudyabroadinthenearfuture.
2.Themostimportantthingistonegotiatewiththemabouttheprice.
3.WhatIwanttosayistoforgetalltheunhappyexperience.
4)不定式作定语
不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型:
第一种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。例如:
1.Therewasreallynothingtofear.
2.Hegavemeaninterestingbooktoread.
如果不定式是不及物动词,后面就得加相应的介词。例如:
1.Maryneedsafriendtoplaywith.
2.Thatgirlhasnothingtoworryabout.
3.Theyhaveastrictteachertolistento.
4.Althoughthefilmhadbeenonfortenminutes,Istillwasnotabletofindachairto siton.
第二种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语;例如:
1.Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor?
2.Theactiontobetakeniscorrect.
3.Thereisnothingtobegainedbypretending.
第三种,被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。这类名词通常是表
示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意义的名词:ability,attempt,effort,impulse,inclination,wish等。例如:
1.Herdaughterwillmakeanevenbiggerefforttopleaseher.
2.Ihavenowishtoquarrelwithyou.
3.NeitherofthemhadanyinclinationtodobusinesswithMary.
5)不定式作状语
不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。例如作原因状语:
1.Theyarequitesurprisedtoseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthearea.
2.Theyarequitesurprisedbecausetheyseethegreatchangestakingplaceinthea rea.
3.Hewasluckytoarrivebeforedark.
4.Hewasluckybecausehearrivedbeforedark.
作目的状语:
1.Sheraisedhervoicetobehearedbetter.
2.Sheraisedhervoicesothatshecouldheardbetter.
3.WewentviaHeidelbergtomissthetrafficjam.
4.WewentviaHeidelbergsothatwecouldmissthetrafficjam.
作结果状语:
1.TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullyastodefeattheBrazilians.
2.TheFrenchfootballteamplayedsosuccessfullythattheyevendefeatedtheBra
zilians.
3.Hegottothestationonlytobetoldthetrainhadgone.
4.Hegottothestationandwastoldthatthetrainhadgone.
不带to的不定式的使用
动词不定式通常带to,但在有些搭配中不带to,在另一些搭配中可带to可不带to。归纳起来,以下情况下使用不带to不定式:
1)在can/could,/may/might,will/would,shall/should,must,need,dare等情态动词之后,动词不定式不带to。
2)在表示感觉意义的动词,如see,feel,watch,notice,smell,hear,observe等后,或是表示“致使”意义的动词,如have,let,make等后,动词不定式不带to。例如:
1.Ioftenheardhimsaythathewouldstudyhard.
2.Imusthavehimseehisownmistakes.
但是,当这类结构转换为被动语态时,后面的不带to不定式一般转换为带to不定式。
例如:
1.Hewasoftenheardtosaythathewouldstudyhard.
2.Afterhehadfinishedspeaking,hewasmadetoanswerinnumerablequestions.
3)在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式,也可用带to的不定式。例如:1.Helptheoldlady(to)carrytheheavybox.