汉英翻译的文化策略
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2020/7/3
Page 6
2. Alienation v.s. Adaptation
• 2. 归化(domesticatioin; adaptation):
– 以译入语文化为中心,以读者为中心,将源语 文化经过整理,然后以译入语中较为现成的、 熟悉的、易于接受的形式出现。
– 缺点:丧失了源语的异国特色。如:
• E.g.
– Mr Bennet (Pride & Prejudice) →老爷
2020/7/3
Page 7
2. Alienation v.s. Adaptation
• Example
– 巧妇难为无米之炊。
异化
1. Even the cleverest housewife cannot make a meal without rice.
– 文化包括三个层次的内容:
• (1)物质文化,如建筑物、服饰、食品、工具等; • (2)制度习俗文化,包括制度、法规,以及相应的设
施和风俗习惯等; • (3)精神文化,包括价值观念、思维方式、宗教信仰
等,也包括哲学、科学、文学艺术方面的成就和产 品。
2020/7/3
Page 4
1. What is Culture?
• 1 . 异化(foreignization; alienation):
– 以源语文化为中心,以源作者为中心,注意点 在于将源语文化传递给译语读者,以促进文化 的交流。
– 缺点:增加译语读者理解的难度,阅读的速度、 节奏也会受到影响。如:
• E.g.
– Mr. Bennet (Pride & Prejudice) → 先生
- the Yangs
归化
2. Even the cleverest housewife cannot make
bread without flour.
- the Hawkes
2020/7/3
Page 8
2. Alienation v.s. Adaptation
• 如何评价归化、异化
– 不能简单的说归化比异化好,或异化比归化好, 因为面对不同的读者要求、不同的文化态势, 出版商不同的要求,译者需要考虑到很多因素。 因此,很多情况下,是将二者综合使用。
» - Edward B. Tylor. 1924. [orig. 1871] Primitive Culture. 2 vols. 7th ed. New York: Brentano's.
2020/7/3
Page 2
1. What is Culture?
• Peter Newmark
– The way of life and its manifestations that are peculiar to one speech community.
误是由于对其他文化的观点和价值的无知造成的。(Nida,2001:286)] » Nida. E.A.2001 Language and Culture: Context in Translating. 上海: 上外出版社/外教社
2020/7/3
Page 5
2. Alienation v.s. Adaptation
2020/7/3
Page 11
3. Common Strategies in handling Cultural Factors
– 特别是在物质文化层面和制度文化层面。
2020/7/3
Page 10
3. Common Strategies in handling Cultural Factors
• 文化存真的翻译技巧
– 1.音译(transliteration); – 2.直译(literal translation); – 3.音译/直译+解释(explanation); – 4.增释(amplification); – 5 脚注(footnote)。
» Newmark P. 2001. A Textbook of Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press
2020/7/3
Page 3
1. What is Culture?
• 3 Levels of Culture
Cultural Issues in C-E Translation
2020/7/3
1
1. What is Culturwk.baidu.com?
• Edward B. Tylor
– Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. (Edward B. Tylor)
– 目前,翻译界学者倾向于异化,目的是保持世 界文化的多元性。
2020/7/3
Page 9
3. Common Strategies in handling Cultural Factors
• 一般而言,处理文化因素的策略是:
– 文化存真(transmit the authentic culture to the target readership),
• The importance of culture in translation
– To be bilingual, one has to be bicultural.
– For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism. [对于成功的翻
译来说,双文化水平比双语言水平更重要。(Nida,2001:82)]
– It is not surprising that the most serious mistakes in translation are made because of ignorance about the views and values of other culture. [翻译中大部分重要的错
Page 6
2. Alienation v.s. Adaptation
• 2. 归化(domesticatioin; adaptation):
– 以译入语文化为中心,以读者为中心,将源语 文化经过整理,然后以译入语中较为现成的、 熟悉的、易于接受的形式出现。
– 缺点:丧失了源语的异国特色。如:
• E.g.
– Mr Bennet (Pride & Prejudice) →老爷
2020/7/3
Page 7
2. Alienation v.s. Adaptation
• Example
– 巧妇难为无米之炊。
异化
1. Even the cleverest housewife cannot make a meal without rice.
– 文化包括三个层次的内容:
• (1)物质文化,如建筑物、服饰、食品、工具等; • (2)制度习俗文化,包括制度、法规,以及相应的设
施和风俗习惯等; • (3)精神文化,包括价值观念、思维方式、宗教信仰
等,也包括哲学、科学、文学艺术方面的成就和产 品。
2020/7/3
Page 4
1. What is Culture?
• 1 . 异化(foreignization; alienation):
– 以源语文化为中心,以源作者为中心,注意点 在于将源语文化传递给译语读者,以促进文化 的交流。
– 缺点:增加译语读者理解的难度,阅读的速度、 节奏也会受到影响。如:
• E.g.
– Mr. Bennet (Pride & Prejudice) → 先生
- the Yangs
归化
2. Even the cleverest housewife cannot make
bread without flour.
- the Hawkes
2020/7/3
Page 8
2. Alienation v.s. Adaptation
• 如何评价归化、异化
– 不能简单的说归化比异化好,或异化比归化好, 因为面对不同的读者要求、不同的文化态势, 出版商不同的要求,译者需要考虑到很多因素。 因此,很多情况下,是将二者综合使用。
» - Edward B. Tylor. 1924. [orig. 1871] Primitive Culture. 2 vols. 7th ed. New York: Brentano's.
2020/7/3
Page 2
1. What is Culture?
• Peter Newmark
– The way of life and its manifestations that are peculiar to one speech community.
误是由于对其他文化的观点和价值的无知造成的。(Nida,2001:286)] » Nida. E.A.2001 Language and Culture: Context in Translating. 上海: 上外出版社/外教社
2020/7/3
Page 5
2. Alienation v.s. Adaptation
2020/7/3
Page 11
3. Common Strategies in handling Cultural Factors
– 特别是在物质文化层面和制度文化层面。
2020/7/3
Page 10
3. Common Strategies in handling Cultural Factors
• 文化存真的翻译技巧
– 1.音译(transliteration); – 2.直译(literal translation); – 3.音译/直译+解释(explanation); – 4.增释(amplification); – 5 脚注(footnote)。
» Newmark P. 2001. A Textbook of Translation. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press
2020/7/3
Page 3
1. What is Culture?
• 3 Levels of Culture
Cultural Issues in C-E Translation
2020/7/3
1
1. What is Culturwk.baidu.com?
• Edward B. Tylor
– Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. (Edward B. Tylor)
– 目前,翻译界学者倾向于异化,目的是保持世 界文化的多元性。
2020/7/3
Page 9
3. Common Strategies in handling Cultural Factors
• 一般而言,处理文化因素的策略是:
– 文化存真(transmit the authentic culture to the target readership),
• The importance of culture in translation
– To be bilingual, one has to be bicultural.
– For truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism. [对于成功的翻
译来说,双文化水平比双语言水平更重要。(Nida,2001:82)]
– It is not surprising that the most serious mistakes in translation are made because of ignorance about the views and values of other culture. [翻译中大部分重要的错