四级培训基础班写作2--我的讲义

四级培训基础班作文2

结构意识的培养和行文思路的提炼

1. 应试作文仍然应该保持三段式的作文模式，即开头段、中间段和结尾段。（注：详略得当，开头段和结尾段2-3句。展开段4-5句。）

2. 每段话都可以遵循这样的模式，即主题句+展开句。

3.针对不同类型的作文，展开作文的思路也略有不同，有可能是从现象描述展开，有可能是观点阐述展开。(七类四级常考作文类型)

4.在审题完毕之后就应该整理好作文思路，然后列出提纲，有的放矢。

开头段（opening paragraph）

开头段虽短，但却是文章成败的关键，举足轻重。该段目的在于引出文章要探讨的核心问题和现象，从而起到统领全文的作用。因此，开头段，主要用于引入文章主题、介绍相关背景（原因、影响、结果等）并引导正文内容。一般情况下不对内容进行深入的探讨和总结，两三句点题即可。

开头段之句式参考

一、描述现象

1. Nowadays, it has already become a common phenomenon /Currently it is not a rare phenomenon/occurrence that college students apply for a credit card. 现在，大学生办信用卡已经非常常见。

现如今，在新生入学时好几个家长打包小包簇拥着一个孩子已经变得非常常见。Nowadays，it has been a common occurrence that on the enrolling day of a college, almost every freshman is crowded around by several relatives who are holding all kinds of packages, big and small.

2. The popularity of taking civil service exams has boomed in China with increasing number of graduates leaving university.随着越来越多的毕业生离开大学校园，公务员考试在中国成为了大热门。

在如今的大学校园，大学生在宿舍里做小生意已经成为了大热门。

The popularity of doing business in the dormitory has boomed in today’s campus

数字化产品在中国尤其是在年轻人群众成为了大热门。

The popularity of digital products has been boomed in China, especially among the youngsters.

随着环保意识的不断增强，低碳生活在中国正在成为大热门。

The popularity of the so-called low-carbon life has boomed in China with the continuous increase in people’s environmental awareness.

3. It is known to all that trash disposal is very crucial to our daily life, especially in big cities.众所周知，垃圾处理对我们的日常生活非常重要，尤其是在大城市中。

众所周知，春节是中国一年中最重要的节日，而年夜饭则是欢庆春节最重要的一个环节/节目。It is known to all that the Spring Festival is the most important day of the year for all the Chinese people, while the dinner on the eve of the Spring Festival is in the same way the most significant activity/segment to celebrate the special occasion.

4. In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of school dropouts in the countryside. 近年来，农村辍学人数急剧上升。

最近几年，明星代言虚假广告的数量急剧上升。

Recently, there has been a considerable increase/rise in the number of stars making false advertisement.

近来，在家里吃年夜饭的家庭数量急剧下降，尤其是在大城市。

Lately, there has been a sharp decrease in the number of families taking dinner on New Year’s Eve at home, especially in big cites.

5. Thanks to the development of China’s economy and its opening up to the world, Chinese students are confronted with multiple choices when it comes to selecting schools.由于中国经济的发展和改

革开放的政策，中国学生现在在选择学校时可以有很多选择。

由于生活水平的不断提升，中国人民现在在选择年夜饭的地点时可以有很多选择。

Thanks to the continuous/sustained improvement in people’s living conditions, Chinese people are faced with numerous choices in selecting the place to have family reunion dinner.

由于互联网的普及，人们在购物时可以有很多选择。

With the popularization of the Internet, people now are confronted with a variety of choices when it comes to selecting the way of shopping.

二、引出问题

1. Recently, China has banned all supermarkets, department stores and shops offering plastic bags for free, which has caused wide attention. 最近，中国已经禁止了所有超市、商场和商店提供免费的塑料袋，这引起了广泛的关注。

2. When it comes to what is the better way to get the daily news, there is no complete agreement among people. Some people take it for granted that the Internet is the best source of daily news. However, others maintain that newspaper should be regarded as a better source. 提起获取日常新闻更好的方式，大家还没能达成一致。有人理所当然地认为网络是获取新闻的最佳方式，而其他人仍然认为报纸是更好的消息来源。

提起在哪里吃年夜饭的问题，大家现在的看法出现了分歧，有人理所当然地认为应该在家里吃，而很多人则认为到酒店吃也是一个不错的选择。

When it comes to where is the best place to have dinner on new year’s eve, there is no complete agreement. Some people take it for granted that it should be taken at home, while quite a few people assume that hotel should also be regarded as a nice choice.

中间段

中间段是一篇作文的正文，其作用是对主题进行解释说明和论证。本段应该包含明确的主题句（Topic Sentence/TS）。TS是提出段落的主题、概括段落中心思想或反映考生写作意图的一个概括性句子。它是段落发展的依据并且规定段落的发展方向。TS的作用举足轻重，是作文的主脉，是亮点，也是老师给分的要素之一。紧随主题句之后的展开句可以通过列事实、举例子、描述细节或给出证据等方式来扩展。

（PS：中间段在展开的过程当中，一定要注意上下文的衔接，也就是所谓的连贯问题。）

中间段之句式参考

一、引入原因

1. There are many factors explaining/accounting for/attributing to this phenomenon. First of

all/Above all, … Moreover, … Besides, …有很多因素导致了这一现象

2. There are a large number of reasons for this social phenomenon, but in general, they come down to three major ones.导致这种这会现象的原因有很多，但总体来说，主要有三点。

3. The reasons for this phenomenon mainly lie in the following two aspects.这一现象的原因主要在于以下两个方面。

4. The extravagant spending is mainly caused by/due to the following factors. 过度消费主要是由以下因素或原因引起。

5. But what lead to the conflict between parental hopes and personal ideals?但是，是什么导致了父母期望和孩子的理想之间的冲突呢？

二、引入方法

1. The following measures can be taken to reduce campus waste. 下列措施可以用来减少校园浪费。

2. Therefore/Taking the above-mentioned into consideration, it is high time that we took effective measures to improve public morals.因此/考虑到以上因素/综上所述，是时候采取有效措施提高公