英汉翻译中的正反表达法

副词
16）He dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the children． 译文：他衣服没脱就跳入水中，把孩子救了上来。 17）I stayed awake almost the whole night．I'll be here for good this time． 译文：我昨夜几乎一夜没睡。我这次再也走不动了。 18）Fully clothed, he fell across his bunk and was instantly sleep. 译文：他衣服也不脱往床铺上横着一躺，很快就睡 着了。
名词
19）He was extremely sorry for the
shortness of time． 译文：他对时间不足感到十分抱歉。 20）Behave yourself during my absence. 译文：我不在时要规矩点。 21) This failure was the making of him. 译文：这次不成功是他成功的基础。
英汉翻译中的正反表达法
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
定义
在英汉互译过程中，由于两种语言表达习惯不同， 往往需要把英语中的正说译成汉语中的反说，把英 语中的反说译成汉语中的正说，这样才能确切表达 原意并符合语言的规范。这种把正说处理为反说， 把反说处理为正说的译法，叫正反表达法。这种正
说和反说的相互转换是翻译技巧中的一个重要方法。 它属于引申和修辞范围。那么，什么是正说和反说 呢？英语词句中含有“never”，“no”，“not”， “non-”，“un-”，“im-”，“in-”，“ir-”，“-less” 等成分以及汉语词句中含有“不”、“没”、 “无”、“未”、“甭”、“别”、“休”、 “莫”、“非”、“毋”、“勿”等成分的为反说， 不含有这些成分的为正说。
形容词
12）The light in the classroom is poor.
译文：教室里的光线不足。 13）The explanation is pretty thin. 译文：这个解释站不住脚。 14）He was absent from his own country last year． 译文：他去年不在自己的国家。 15）At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closelyreasoned scientific proof. 译文：目前，这个观点已被普遍接受，虽然它是不言而喻的， 并不是根据科学严密推理而证明的。
介词
22）I do think that it is beyond his power to fulfill the task．
译文：我的确认为要完成这项任务是他力所不及的。 23）His answer is beside the mark.。 译文：他的回答文不对题。 24）I have fallen behind with my correspondence. 译文：我有一些信件没有及时答复。 25）The lecture was interesting，but as far as I am concerned the speaker was speaking over my head． 译文：这讲座很有趣，但对我来说，讲座太深了，听不懂。
8）Such a chance denied me. 译文：我没有得到这个机会。（动词） 9）He was 75, but he carried his years lightly. 译文：他75岁了，可是并不显老。
10）Please remain seated while the plane is taking off．We may safely say so． 译文：飞机起飞时请不要离开座位。我们这样说万 无一失。 11）The plan as it is leaves much to be desired． 译文：目前这样的方案大有不足之处。
连词
26）Before I could say “thank you”，the
postman had disappeared around the corner． 译文：我还没来得及说声“谢谢”，邮递员 已经在拐角处不见了。 27） The soldiers would fight to death before they surrendered. 译文：战士们宁愿战死也决不投降。
4）I have a completely open mind．I have read your articles，I expected to meet an old man． 译文：我完全没有成见。我读过你的文章了，想不 到你这么年轻。 5）Appearances are deceptive. 译文：外表是靠不住的。 6）The window refuses to open. 译文：窗户打不开。 7）Children were excluded from getting in the building. 译文：孩子不许进入这幢楼房。
一、英译汉正说反译法---动词
1）“I have read your articles．I expect to meet an old man．”
译文：“我读过你的文章，没想到你这样年轻。” 2）The above facts insist on the following conclusions . 译文：上述事实使人们不能不得出以下结论。 3）As a result, many people avoided the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. 译文：结果，很多人没有尝试，而这些尝试正是幸 福的源泉。