unit10替换与重复汇编

2)词语重复
原句：Even to borrow money is wrong, according to Kant, because if everyone did borrow money, there would be no money left to borrow． 改写：Even to borrow money is wrong, according to Kant, because if everyone did this, there would be no money left to borrow． 分析：用辅助动词do及指示代词this代替borrow money，既可增 强句子上下文的衔接与连贯，又符合英语重简洁、忌重 复的修辞特点。
分析：cooperate 本来就需至少两方以上的人员进行， 因此mutual一词，实为多余。
意义重复又如以下词组：P.223
advance planning still remains exactly identical entirely complete foreign imports assembled together repeat again audible to the ear throughout the entire summer dash 英语宜尽量采用替代、省略或变换等方法来避免无意 quickly 图的 (unintentional)重复。
Unit 10
Substitutive vs. Repetitive 替换与重复
一般说来，除非有意强调或出于修辞的需要，英语总的 倾向是尽量避免重复。例如以下的各种重复在英语里都是不
正常的，试比较：
1)音节重复 原句：Commercials seldom make for entertaining and relaxing listening. 改写：Commercials seldom entertain and relax the listener．
2、动词性替代(VERBAL
SUBSTIห้องสมุดไป่ตู้UTION)。
用替代词来取代谓语动词(词组)，这类替代词主要有：
1.助动词系列do, will, be,… 2.复合代动词do so, do it, do that, do this, do the same, 3.以及替代句型so+do+主语,so+主语+do，so+be+ 主语，so+主语+be，so+will+主语，so+主语+will 等。 汉语也有替代的方式，但也常常重复其所代替的动词
humiliation．
2)我们提倡和平共处的原则，这项原则目前在世界上已越来 越得人心了。
We have advocated the principle of peaceful coexistence which is now growing more and more popular in the world．

改写：Everybody should turn out to vote in this
election, for the triumph of the Reform party
means the end of corruption in office. If the voters will only come to the polls in large enough numbers, they can surely elect the men they wish to see in power．
一、替代(
SUBSTITUTION
)
用替代的形式(pro-forms)来代替句中或上文已出现过的词 语或内容(shared words and content)，这是用英语说话或写 作的一项重要原则。 这些替代的形式主要有： 1．名词性替代(nominal substitution)

英语常用代词或某些名词来取代名词，以避免重复，汉语则较

分析：英语一连使用3个人称代词it替代前句中出现的名词 failure，起到简洁、避免重复的作用；汉语则刻意重复“失败” 这个名词，起到强调、加强语气的效果。
英语常用代词，汉语少用代词，因而较常重复， 这在汉译英时也可以看出来：
1)我们的民族再也不是一个被人侮辱的民族了。
Ours is no longer a nation subject to insult and
常重复其所代替的名词(词组)，如： 1) He hated failure；he had conquered it all his life，risen above it, and despised it in others． 他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人 的失败。
3)句式重复 P.222

原句：Now is the time for everyone to come out
to vote, for everything depends upon this election. All are against corruption, and so they should vote the Reform ticket. This is not a foolish thing, for the voters can elect anyone they want. But the people must turn out heavily, for if they do there is little doubt that they will elect the men they want．

分析：原句句式零散，上下文衔接松散，破坏了上下文的意 义连贯；改写之后，不仅句式结构更为紧凑，形合特征更为 明显，且上下文意义更为连贯。
4)意义重复
原句：He asked the divisions to give their mutual cooperation to the project． 改写：He asked the divisions to cooperate on the project．