培根的Of Study及王佐良先生之译文

Of Study

Francis Bacon

Studies serve for（代替）delight, for ornament（点缀）, and for ability.Their chief（主管）use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse（论文、演说、讲道）;and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition（安排、布置）of business.

For expert（专家、能手）and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels（总顾问）, and the plots and marshalling（编组的，集结待发的）of affairs, come best form those that are learned.To spend too much time in studies is sloth（懒散、懒惰）; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation（假装）; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar（学者）.

They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.

Crafty（狡猾的）men contemn（藐视）studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them;for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation（注意、观察力）.

Read not to contradict（反驳）and confute（驳斥、驳倒）; nor to believe and take for granted （认为理所当然）; nor to find talk and discourse（论文、演说、讲道）; but to weigh（权衡）and consider.

Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed（吞咽）, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts;others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.Some books also may be read by deputy（副手、代理人）, and extracts（拔出，抽出、提取）made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of(有几分地) books; else distilled （由蒸馏的来的）books are,like common distilled waters, flashy（俗丽的）things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning（狡猾、奸诈）, to seem to know that he doth（do的第三人称单数）not.

Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile（狡猾的）; natural philosophy（自然哲学）deep; mora（道德）l grave; logic and rhetoric（修辞学）able to contend（搏斗，争斗）.Abeunt studia in morse.

Nay there is no stand or impediment（妨碍）in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises.Bowling is good for the stone and reins（感情、激情）; shooting for the lungs and breast;gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like.So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations（表明、证明、示范）, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again.