中考英语语法-复合句

人教版中考英语专项练习复合句

由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。主句为句子的主体，从句只是做句子的一个成分。根据从句在句子中的作用，可以把从句分为名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句（时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，方式，比较等）三类。

一.宾语从句

1.宾语从句根据引导词的不同分为三种类型

⑴由that引导的宾语从句，其中that不做成分，可省略。

We all knew (that) we should learn from each other.

⑵由if/whether引导的宾语从句。

Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.

⑶由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。

Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?

2.宾语从句“三关”

⑴引导词关

注意：whether与if的区别

只用whether的情况

在介词后面We don`t think about whether it would rain the next day.

在动词不定式前They asked me whether to sit at the front.

当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not at that time

宾语从句提前时Whether this is true or not, I can`t say

在动词discuss后的宾语从句中We discussed whether we should have a sports meeting next week.

引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether

The question was whether he went there last night

只用if的情况

引导否定概念的宾语从句时

He asked me if I had`t finished my homework

引导条件状语从句时，if意为“如果”

We`ll go hiking if it doesn`t rain tomorrow

⑵语序关

宾语从句若为陈述句，语序不变

宾语从句若为一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，语序还原为陈述语序

⑶时态关

如果主句是现在的时态，从句时态据实际情况而定

如果主句是过去某种时态，从句时态一定变为过去某时态

注意：宾语从句表述的是客观真理，自然现象时，只能用一般现在时

3.人称变化：

4.从句简化

⑴当主句谓语动词是find, see,watch,hear等时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为省to 不定式或v+ing形式

She found that the wallet lay/lying on the ground.→

She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.

⑵当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句简化为不定式结构

She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →

She agreed to help me with my maths.

⑶在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构

C an you tell me how I can get to the station? →

Can you tell me how to get to the station?

5.否定转移

如果主句的谓语动词是believe,think,guess,suppose等，且主句主语是一人称时，后面所接宾语从句的否定词通常前移到主句中。

I don`t think that she can finish this work on time.

注意：①这种否定前移的宾语从句，在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓要与从句一致I don`t think he is interested in that, is he?

如果主句主语是二三人称时，宾语从句否定词不前移，反意疑问句反问主句

She thought that film was not interesting, didn`t she?

二．状语从句

1.时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等来引导。在时间状语从句中，通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到…时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到…才…”, “在…以前不…”，谓语动词可用瞬间动词。Since引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用过去时。While 引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词，不能是短暂性动词。

as, when, while都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生。as强调两动作同时进行，并表示对比；发生时间较短，且由“一边…一边…”的意思。When还可表示从句动词的动作在主句动词的动作“之前”或“之后”发生。While用于时间较长时。

When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.

2.条件状语从句

通常用if, unless引导。在条件状语从句中，谓语动词通常用现在时表示将来的动作或状态。I`m waiting for my friend. If she doesn`t come, I`ll go shopping alone.

3.原因状语从句

通常用because, since, as（由于）引导。because表示直接原因，语气最强。because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的从句多放在句首。because和so不能同时出现。

As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our match.

4.结果状语从句

由so…that, such…that, so that 引导。so…that与such…th at可以互换。如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时,只能用so. so…that句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to…或not…enough to代替

such+形容词+不可数名词/复数可数名词+that

snch+a(an)+形容词+单数可数名词+that=so+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词+that

Last night Judy worked so late that she didn`t catch the early bus this morning.

5.比较状语从句