汉英翻译视角转换

补充材料：英汉、汉英翻译技巧：视角转换(Shift of Perspective)
E-C.
1. The University of San Francisco is located near the Golden Gate Park.
（语态的转换）
2. Her parents are both in their seventies.
（表达方式的转换）
3. If children are so well able to learn their mother tongue, it is precisely because they plunge themselves into the sea of language instead of reading a few textbooks only. （条件状语转换成结果状语）
4. You can mass-produce … incredible quantities of facts and figures. You cannot mass-produce knowledge, which is created by individual minds, drawing on individual experience, separating the significant from the irrelevant.
（定语从句转换成原因状语从句）
5. "Coming!" Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch.
（介词转换成动词）
6. Highway and air traffic came to a standstill in most of Eastern Washington.
（名词转换成动词）
7. I believe equally that it is in the interests of the world as a whole that Europe should increasingly unite and speak with a common voice.
（词序调整）
8. Little did I then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality.
（词序调整）
9. It is a good workman that never blunders.
（反说正译）
10. Keep off the lawn!
11.That fellow is far from being honest.
12.Obviously enough, she thinks otherwise.
（正说反译）
13 I was like that ship before education began, only I was without compass or sounding-line, and had no way of knowing how near the harbor was.
汉译：我在开始受教育之前，就像这样一条船，只是没有罗盘，没有测深绳，也无法知道离海港有多远。

C-E:
视角转换，在汉英翻译中主要表现有两种类型：
1．从与汉语不同的角度传达同样的信息
（1）生活中常用的“看”、“听”、“说”的翻译。

看钟/表
我能看出他的心事。

这东西还看得过去的话，你就买吧。

从他的话音里，我能听出点东西来。

他姓什么，我一时说不上来。

说来话长。

这可真说不过去。

还是把事情说开了好。

（2）在成语的翻译中，不同视角的转换体现在形象的替代上。

牛饮
瓮中之鳖
胆小如鼠
自言自语
开夜车
东张西望
天长地久
鱼米之乡
意在言外
（3）有些情况下进行虚实互换。

他们闹着要吃小马的喜酒
精神食粮
假眼（转虚为实）
Fake adj(only before noun): made to look like a real material or object in order to deceive people
Fake fur
A fake ID card
A fake 20-dollar bill
A fake name
Speak with a fake German accent
A fake smile of friendliness
她往日得了病，茶水也不咽一口。

（转实为虚）
（4）习惯说法不一样
你怎么戴这么深度的眼镜？
“要搞特殊化？没门！”
2．与汉语相反的角度传达同样的信息
“安全门”
唯你是问
自学
肤浅
九五折
油漆未干
听电话
红眼
座钟
墙上一个洞
我心里一个沉重的担子放下来了。

哪儿脚痛穿鞋人最清楚。

No one knows where the shoe pinches like the wearer.
留级
倒立
蛙泳
双杠
活字典
内部刊物
应用题
走读生
非处方药
门诊病人
餐具
保暖杯
汗衫
秒表
家谱
隐形眼镜
候机室
美人计
手扶拖拉机
画蛇添足
姐妹篇
成绩报告单
传销
一次性筷子
一次性杯子
一次性包装
练习：
The following are wrong translations because of different focus in English and Chinese.
1 他的身体看起来很健康
His body looks very healthy.
2 那个铺子的东西价格便宜。

The price of goods in that shop is cheap.
3 这栋楼质量不好。

The quality of this building is poor.
4 这辆卡车速度很快。

The speed of this truck is quick.
5 他们的工作取得了很大成绩。

Their work has achieved great achievement.
6 我们的事业从胜利走向胜利。

Our cause has walked from victory to victory.
汉英短语的翻译：
1 富足社会a world of plenty/affluence
注意：“社会”不宜译成“society”
2 己所不欲，勿施于人
Don’t do unto others what you don’t want others to do unto you.
3 你看花眼了
Be seeing things: to imagine things that is not really there.
e.g. There is no one there—you must be seeing things.
4 乡土观念sense of place ???
5 为副尚任vice but virtuous
6 寻根文学search-for-roots literature
7 举双手赞成hands up for…
8 神来之笔a stroke of brilliance
9 天下着大雨The day was pouring down.
注意：It was raining cats and dogs.已经变成了cliché, 不宜使用。

10 吓傻了be frightened out of one’s wits.
11 坐月子within one’s month/in confinement
e.g. the pros and cons of home versus hospital confinement
12 父母之命，媒妁之言：出处《孟子滕文公下》celestial marriage
13 社会车辆non-public vehicles
14 家政housewifery
15 公开讲座extension course/lecture
16 挂靠公司front company
17 贵族学校exclusive school
18 将计就计deceive the deceiver
19 接待室，招待室hospitality suite
20 就事论事的态度dislinkage attitude
21 买路钱street tax
22 视觉污染visual disgrace
23 相亲blind date
24 异性按摩fashion massage
25 择优录取contest mobility
26 老幼病残弱专座priority seating Seating 为不可数名词统称座位
27 征婚专栏lonely hearts column。