初中英语语法课件.ppt
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动词构成： was/were+现在分词(--ing) 以work为例：was/were working
否定构成： was/were not+现在分词
一般疑问构成及简答举例: Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其它？ Yes, I was No, I wasn’t
一般现在时的使用：
1.一般现在时表示总是、通常、习惯 性的动作或状态。
It snows in winter. I watch television every day.
2.用于对客观事实的普遍性的陈述。
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. Most animals kill only for food. The world is round.
1.一般过去时表示一个动作或情况在过去 某个的时间开始和结束. I walked to school yesterday. I bought a new car three days ago.
walked,bought now
2.表示过去经常性的动作或情况。 I often got up at 6:00 last year.
Outline
过去
1 .一般现在时 2 .一般过去时 3 .一般将来时 4 .过去将来时： 5 .过去进行时： 6. 过去完成时 7. 现在进行时： 8. 现在完成时：
现在
将来
用法： 经常性的和习惯性的动作
常用时间状语 ： usually, sometimes, in spring, every day, in the morning
特殊疑问句举例：What did he do yesterday? When did he get up this morning?
注意：He has opened the door.（表示过去“开门”的动作对现在的影响是 门还开着）He opened the door.(不能确定门现在是否开着)
一般过去时的使用：
A: What was it like?
B:I thought it would be busy, but it was very quiet.
三、I thought I was going to...表示“原本打算 干某事”。
---Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? ---I ___, but I had an unexpected visitor.
一般将来时的使用：
1、 基本结构是will / shall do。 例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她 的生日礼物。）
2、 有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般 进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以 表示将来时。 例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。）
动词构成: 1. will/shall+动原 2.am/is/are going to+动词原型 3. am/is/are(about)+动词不定式 4. am/is/are+coming等现在分词
以work为例:will/shall work
am/is/are going to work
am/is/are(about) to work am/is/are coming/leaving…
用法：从过去某时间来看将要发生的动作或状态， 常用于宾从句
常用时间状语：the next week等
动词构成： 1、would/should+动原 2、 was/were going to+动原 3、was/were(about) to+动原
以work为例：would/should work was/were going to work was/were(about) to work
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
---Come in, Peter, I want to show you something. ---Oh, how nice of you! I ___ you ___ to bring me a
gift.
A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going C. didn’t think; were going D. hadn’t thought; were going
动词构成：动词过去时（--ed） listen—listened study---studied stop-----stopped come----came
否定构成：didn’t+动原 didn’t work used not (didn’t use) to
work
一般疑问构成及简答举例：Did+主语+动原+其它？
注意： start, leave, go, come等的一般现在时可表示按规定要发生的未 来动作，如列车将离开。客观真理在从句中也用一般现在时.
Examples:
It snows in winter. It doesn’t snow in winter. Does it snow in winter?
c) 能或不能发生的事情（接近can, may） 例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能还得起这么大的一 笔债呢？）
d) 不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。 例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience. A. will be attended B. will be attended to C. is attended D. is attended to
vacation together.
Fra Baidu bibliotek
过去将来时的使用：
一、过去将来时表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动 作或存在的状态。 would或was /were going to + V
would可用于各种人称。
二、would +V还可表示过去的习惯动作，在这点上同used to同义。
When we were children, we would/used to go swimming every summer.
5、 “be to do”的5种用法：
a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。 例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你准会在实 验室见到她。）
b) 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。 例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不 准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。）
Never thought “从未想过“， 与how nice of you所表达的喜悦之情相符
This morning Alice ___ out ___ the door opened and in came some strangers.
A. was just about to go; while B. went ; when C. was going ; while D. was just about to go; when
否定构成：will/shall not… am/is/are not…
特殊疑问句举例:What will you do tomorrow? When are we going to have a class meeting?
注意：在if条件或as soon as等时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
否定构成：would/should not… was/were not…
一般疑问构成：常用if或whether引导宾从
特殊疑问句举例：He asked what they would do the next week. I thought I would make lots of newfriends. They said that they were going to spend the
比较：I used to walk to school, but now I go by bike. used to +V,指过去的习惯或状态，暗含的意思是“现在不做某事 了”。
A: Where did you go?
B: I was going to visit the park, but in the end I went to the free market.
I didn’t walk to school yesterday.
Did you walk to school yesterday ?
用法：将来会出现或发生的动作
常用时间状语：this evening, tomorrow, next month, in a few minutes, at the end of this term
一般现在时的动词形式： 动词原形 1.am;is ;are 2.have,has 3.第三人称单数形式-(e)s
肯定句：I watch television every day.
否定句：I don’t watch television every day.
疑问句：Do you watch television every day.
We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ___ office soon.
A.leaves B.would leave C.left D.had left
用法：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生 的动作
常用时间状语：at this time yesterday,at that time, at ten o’clock yesterday或when引导的从句
3.某些动词的一般现在时表示说话时正在 存在的一种情况。
I have only a dollar right now. He needs a pen right now.
注：这些动词不能用于进行时。
用法：过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作
常用时间状语： yesterday, last night, two days ago, in 2000, at that time, before ，when 等引导的含 过去时的句子。
3、 表示“打算去……，要……”时，可用be going to do。 例：This is just what I am going to say.（这正是我想说 的。）
4、 表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期 内或马上要做的事。 例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.（别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。）
e) 用于条件从句“如果……想，设想”（接近if ……want to,或 if ……should） 例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided. A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been
否定构成： was/were not+现在分词
一般疑问构成及简答举例: Was/Were+主语+现在分词+其它？ Yes, I was No, I wasn’t
一般现在时的使用：
1.一般现在时表示总是、通常、习惯 性的动作或状态。
It snows in winter. I watch television every day.
2.用于对客观事实的普遍性的陈述。
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. Most animals kill only for food. The world is round.
1.一般过去时表示一个动作或情况在过去 某个的时间开始和结束. I walked to school yesterday. I bought a new car three days ago.
walked,bought now
2.表示过去经常性的动作或情况。 I often got up at 6:00 last year.
Outline
过去
1 .一般现在时 2 .一般过去时 3 .一般将来时 4 .过去将来时： 5 .过去进行时： 6. 过去完成时 7. 现在进行时： 8. 现在完成时：
现在
将来
用法： 经常性的和习惯性的动作
常用时间状语 ： usually, sometimes, in spring, every day, in the morning
特殊疑问句举例：What did he do yesterday? When did he get up this morning?
注意：He has opened the door.（表示过去“开门”的动作对现在的影响是 门还开着）He opened the door.(不能确定门现在是否开着)
一般过去时的使用：
A: What was it like?
B:I thought it would be busy, but it was very quiet.
三、I thought I was going to...表示“原本打算 干某事”。
---Alice, why didn’t you come yesterday? ---I ___, but I had an unexpected visitor.
一般将来时的使用：
1、 基本结构是will / shall do。 例：We shall send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.（我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她 的生日礼物。）
2、 有些动词，如：arrive, be close, come, do, done, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay等，用于一般 进行时，并且通常与一个表示将来时间的时间状语连用，可以 表示将来时。 例：My mother is coming to visit me next week and is staying here until May.（我妈妈下周将来看我，并会呆到5月。）
动词构成: 1. will/shall+动原 2.am/is/are going to+动词原型 3. am/is/are(about)+动词不定式 4. am/is/are+coming等现在分词
以work为例:will/shall work
am/is/are going to work
am/is/are(about) to work am/is/are coming/leaving…
用法：从过去某时间来看将要发生的动作或状态， 常用于宾从句
常用时间状语：the next week等
动词构成： 1、would/should+动原 2、 was/were going to+动原 3、was/were(about) to+动原
以work为例：would/should work was/were going to work was/were(about) to work
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
---Come in, Peter, I want to show you something. ---Oh, how nice of you! I ___ you ___ to bring me a
gift.
A. never think; are going B. never thought; were going C. didn’t think; were going D. hadn’t thought; were going
动词构成：动词过去时（--ed） listen—listened study---studied stop-----stopped come----came
否定构成：didn’t+动原 didn’t work used not (didn’t use) to
work
一般疑问构成及简答举例：Did+主语+动原+其它？
注意： start, leave, go, come等的一般现在时可表示按规定要发生的未 来动作，如列车将离开。客观真理在从句中也用一般现在时.
Examples:
It snows in winter. It doesn’t snow in winter. Does it snow in winter?
c) 能或不能发生的事情（接近can, may） 例：How am I to pay such a debt?（我怎么可能还得起这么大的一 笔债呢？）
d) 不可避免将要发生的事情，后来将要发生的事情。 例：I assure you that the matter _______ as quickly as possible. Have a little patience. A. will be attended B. will be attended to C. is attended D. is attended to
vacation together.
Fra Baidu bibliotek
过去将来时的使用：
一、过去将来时表示对于过去某一时间而言将要发生的动 作或存在的状态。 would或was /were going to + V
would可用于各种人称。
二、would +V还可表示过去的习惯动作，在这点上同used to同义。
When we were children, we would/used to go swimming every summer.
5、 “be to do”的5种用法：
a) 表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。 例：She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.（星期一你准会在实 验室见到她。）
b) 该做或不该做的事情（语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to），表示一种命令、规劝性语气。 例：You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.（孩子们，你们必须 上床睡觉，不 准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。）
Never thought “从未想过“， 与how nice of you所表达的喜悦之情相符
This morning Alice ___ out ___ the door opened and in came some strangers.
A. was just about to go; while B. went ; when C. was going ; while D. was just about to go; when
否定构成：will/shall not… am/is/are not…
特殊疑问句举例:What will you do tomorrow? When are we going to have a class meeting?
注意：在if条件或as soon as等时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
否定构成：would/should not… was/were not…
一般疑问构成：常用if或whether引导宾从
特殊疑问句举例：He asked what they would do the next week. I thought I would make lots of newfriends. They said that they were going to spend the
比较：I used to walk to school, but now I go by bike. used to +V,指过去的习惯或状态，暗含的意思是“现在不做某事 了”。
A: Where did you go?
B: I was going to visit the park, but in the end I went to the free market.
I didn’t walk to school yesterday.
Did you walk to school yesterday ?
用法：将来会出现或发生的动作
常用时间状语：this evening, tomorrow, next month, in a few minutes, at the end of this term
一般现在时的动词形式： 动词原形 1.am;is ;are 2.have,has 3.第三人称单数形式-(e)s
肯定句：I watch television every day.
否定句：I don’t watch television every day.
疑问句：Do you watch television every day.
We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ___ office soon.
A.leaves B.would leave C.left D.had left
用法：过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在发生 的动作
常用时间状语：at this time yesterday,at that time, at ten o’clock yesterday或when引导的从句
3.某些动词的一般现在时表示说话时正在 存在的一种情况。
I have only a dollar right now. He needs a pen right now.
注：这些动词不能用于进行时。
用法：过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作
常用时间状语： yesterday, last night, two days ago, in 2000, at that time, before ，when 等引导的含 过去时的句子。
3、 表示“打算去……，要……”时，可用be going to do。 例：This is just what I am going to say.（这正是我想说 的。）
4、 表示“即将、正要”时，可用be about to do。强调近期 内或马上要做的事。 例：Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.（别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。）
e) 用于条件从句“如果……想，设想”（接近if ……want to,或 if ……should） 例：Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____________ avoided. A) is to be B) can be C) will be D) has been