不定代词讲解(初中英语语法)

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不定代词讲解与习题.

令狐采学

不定代词讲解与习题.

不定代词用法注意点:

1. one, some与any:

1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。

a. one作为代词可以指人,也可以指物。

b. one,ones (one的复数形式) 可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词,以避免重复。

c. one的前面可用this,that,the,which等词来修饰。

d. 常有a+形容词+one这一形式。

it和one的用法区别:it用来指特定的东西,而one则用于替代不特定的东西

some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。

One should learn to think of others.

Have you any bookmarks? no, i don’t have any bookmarks.

I have some questions to ask.

2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。

would you like some bananas? could you give me some money?

3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。

i have read this article in some magazine. please correct the mistakes , if any.

4) some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。

there are some 3,000 students in this school. do you feel any better t oday?

2. each和every:

a. each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个。

b. 从含义和语法功能上看,each是“单个”的意思,侧重个体,在句中可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语。而every是“每一个”之意,侧重全体、整体、共性。在句中只能作定语,也就是说它后面必须跟着名词。而由every构成的合成词后面绝不能跟名词。

each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。

each student has a pocket dictionary. / each (of us) has a dictionary. / we each have a dictionary.

every student has strong and weak points. / every one of us has stron

g and weak points.

3. none和no:

no等于not any,作定语。none作主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单数,代替可数名词,谓语单复数皆可以。

there is no water in the bottle.

how much water is there in the bottle? none.

none of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.

4. other和another:

a. another=another"另一个”,泛指众多者中的另一个,在原有基础上自然增加的另一个。一般后面接单数名词,前面不能加定冠词。有时another可以用在复数名词前表示“又”“再”,如:

i want to have another two cakes.我想再吃两个蛋糕。

b.the other表示两个中的另一个,常与one连用。常见形式是“one...the other...”。

c. other+复数名词=others

d. the other+复数名词=the others

1) other泛指“另外的,别的”常与其他词连用,如:

the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指两者中的另外一个,复数为the others。如:

he held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.

two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.

2) another指“又一个,另一个”无所指,复数形式是others,泛指“别的人或事”如:

i don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).

the trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others. some like football, while others like basketball.

5. all和both, neither和either

两者三者

都both all

都不neither none

任何either any

在…之间between among

both表示“两者都……”,而a11表示“三个或三个以上的人或物都……”。

a11、both在句中放在be动词,情态动词及助动词之后,放在实义动词之前。

either:指两者中的任意一个。作主语谓语用单数。neither:指两者都不,全否定。作主语谓语用单数。

both:指两者都。作主语谓语用复数。

all表示不可数名词时,其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定,全部否定用neither和none.

all of the books are not written in english. / not all of the books are written in english. both of us are not teachers. / not both of us are te achers. / either of us is a teacher.

6. many和much

many只能和复数可数名词连用。

much注意:

a lot of/lots of / plenty of=much/many

a large/great number of=many

a great/good deal of=much

7. a few,little,a little

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