不定代词讲解(初中英语语法)
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不定代词讲解与习题.
令狐采学
不定代词讲解与习题.
不定代词用法注意点:
1. one, some与any:
1) one可以泛指任何人,也可特指,复数为ones。
a. one作为代词可以指人,也可以指物。
b. one,ones (one的复数形式) 可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词,以避免重复。
c. one的前面可用this,that,the,which等词来修饰。
d. 常有a+形容词+one这一形式。
it和one的用法区别:it用来指特定的东西,而one则用于替代不特定的东西
some多用于肯定句,any多用于疑问句和否定句。
One should learn to think of others.
Have you any bookmarks? no, i don’t have any bookmarks.
I have some questions to ask.
2) some可用于疑问句中,表示盼望得到肯定的答复,或者表示建议,请求等。
would you like some bananas? could you give me some money?
3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时,some表示某个,any表示任何一个。
i have read this article in some magazine. please correct the mistakes , if any.
4) some和数词连用表示“大约”,any可与比较级连用表示程度。
there are some 3,000 students in this school. do you feel any better t oday?
2. each和every:
a. each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个。
b. 从含义和语法功能上看,each是“单个”的意思,侧重个体,在句中可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语。而every是“每一个”之意,侧重全体、整体、共性。在句中只能作定语,也就是说它后面必须跟着名词。而由every构成的合成词后面绝不能跟名词。
each强调个别,代表的数可以是两个或两个以上,而every强调整体,所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。
each student has a pocket dictionary. / each (of us) has a dictionary. / we each have a dictionary.
every student has strong and weak points. / every one of us has stron
g and weak points.
3. none和no:
no等于not any,作定语。none作主语或宾语,代替不可数名词,谓语用单数,代替可数名词,谓语单复数皆可以。
there is no water in the bottle.
how much water is there in the bottle? none.
none of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
4. other和another:
a. another=another"另一个”,泛指众多者中的另一个,在原有基础上自然增加的另一个。一般后面接单数名词,前面不能加定冠词。有时another可以用在复数名词前表示“又”“再”,如:
i want to have another two cakes.我想再吃两个蛋糕。
b.the other表示两个中的另一个,常与one连用。常见形式是“one...the other...”。
c. other+复数名词=others
d. the other+复数名词=the others
1) other泛指“另外的,别的”常与其他词连用,如:
the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指两者中的另外一个,复数为the others。如:
he held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.
two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.
2) another指“又一个,另一个”无所指,复数形式是others,泛指“别的人或事”如:
i don’t like this shirt, please show me another (one).
the trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others. some like football, while others like basketball.
5. all和both, neither和either
两者三者
都both all
都不neither none
任何either any
在…之间between among
both表示“两者都……”,而a11表示“三个或三个以上的人或物都……”。
a11、both在句中放在be动词,情态动词及助动词之后,放在实义动词之前。
either:指两者中的任意一个。作主语谓语用单数。neither:指两者都不,全否定。作主语谓语用单数。
both:指两者都。作主语谓语用复数。
all表示不可数名词时,其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定,全部否定用neither和none.
all of the books are not written in english. / not all of the books are written in english. both of us are not teachers. / not both of us are te achers. / either of us is a teacher.
6. many和much
many只能和复数可数名词连用。
much注意:
a lot of/lots of / plenty of=much/many
a large/great number of=many
a great/good deal of=much
7. a few,little,a little