9 系动词和情态动词

9 系动词和情态动词
9 系动词和情态动词

语法互动(九)系动词和情态动词

中考考点

1.系动词be, look, smell, get, become, turn, keep等的基本用法。

2.含情态动词can, must, need, may等的基本句型结构及其用法。

考点一系动词(link-v.)

系动词本身有意义,但不能独立作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语,称作“系表结构”,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。

常见的系动词:be(是), look(看起来), ______(似乎), appear(显得), ______(觉得,摸起来), become(变得,成为), get(变得), sound(听起来), ______(闻起来), taste(尝起来), turn(变得), grow(渐渐变得),

keep/stay(保持), remain(保持不变)等。

(1)can表示能力、可能性、允许等意义。could是can的过去式。

Anybody can make mistakes. 任何人都可能会犯错误。

He can't be in the room.他不可能在房间里。

【注意】can/could表推测时,常用于否定句或疑问句中。

(2)can引导的疑问句,回答用can; could表示“过去的能力”引导的疑问句,回答用could,could也可表示现在时态,用于委婉地提出请求、建议等,回答用can。

—Could you show me the way to the hospital?

你能告诉我去医院的路吗?

—Of course I can.当然可以。

(3)be able to表示“某人做某事的能力”,可用于任何时态。

He was able to flee to Europe before the war broke out. 战争爆发前,他成功地逃到了欧洲。2.may和might的用法

(1)表示允许或请求时,might比may语气更委婉;might通常用于疑问句中。

—Might I come in? 我可以进来吗?

—Yes, of course you may.当然可以。

(2)表示没有把握的推测时,might表示的可能性更小。

The child may be home already.

那个孩子可能已经到家了。

She might win the prize.她有可能得奖。

(3)may放在句首,表示祝愿。

May you be happy.祝你开心。

3.must的用法

(1)must 意为“必须,一定,准是”,表示说话人认为必须做某事,命令、要求别人做某事以及对事情的肯定推测。

【注意】must 和have to 的区别:must 表示说话人的主观意愿;have to 表示客观需要。

I must do my homework first.

我必须先做家庭作业。

It is raining hard outside; I ________ stay at home.

外面雨下得很大,我不得不待在家里。

(2)回答must提问的答语

①肯定回答:Yes,…must.

—Must I go home now?我必须现在回家吗?

—Yes, you must. 是的,你必须回家。

②否定回答:No,…needn't./No,…don't/doesn't have to.

—Must I go home now? 我必须现在回家吗?

—No, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ you . 不,你不必。

4.need的用法

(1)need 可作情态动词,表示“需要”,主要用于否定句或疑问句中。用need 提问时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't。

—Need we do some cleaning now?

我们需要现在大扫除吗?

—Yes, you must. 是的,你们必须。

—No, you needn't. 不,你们不必。

(2)need 还可作实义动词使用。

I need to learn more. 我需要学习更多。

5.shall和should的用法

shall 用于第一人称的句子中,表示提建议或请求;用于第二、三人称时,表示警告、命令、允诺等。should用于各种人称的句子中,强调义务或责任。

________ we go out for a walk?

我们出去散步好吗?(建议)

You should study hard at school.

你(们)在学校应该努力学习。(劝告)

6.will和would的用法

will可用于第二人称的疑问句,表示征求意见或提建议。would 为will 的过去式,可用于多种人称,表示意愿。

Will you have a little soup? 你要不要喝点汤?

7.归纳:情态动词表推测的用法

(1)肯定句中一般用must(一定),may(可能),might/could(也许,或许),其中must表推测的语气最强,其余依次减弱。

The book must be hers. Her name is on it.

这本书一定是她的。她的名字在上面。

They may know the way to the library.

他们可能知道去图书馆的路。

He might be busy now. 他现在或许很忙。

(2)否定句中一般用can't/couldn't(不可能)。

That man can't be Mr Li, because he has gone to London.那个人不可能是李先生,因为他去伦敦了。

(3)疑问句中用can/could(能)。

—Can the red sweater be Tom's?

这件红毛衣会是汤姆的吗?

—No, it can't. He can't stand red.

不,不可能。他不能忍受红色。

【注意】在表示委婉地提出请求、想法、建议等或用于疑问句及否定句表示惊讶、不相信等时,might, could不是may, can的过去式。

专题九 情态动词

专题九情态动词 (一)中考备考指引 1.概念 情态动词是表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,本身有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,要和其他动词原形一起构成谓语部分。常见的情态动词有:can 能/may, might能够/will, would(表意愿)/need需要/dare敢/must必须/have to不得不/shall,should应该/ought to应该(表义务)…… 2.情态动词的语法特征 (1)不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计将要发生的事情。 (2)后接动词原形。 (3)没有人称和数的变化。 (4)没有非谓语动词形式,即没有不定时、分词等形式。 【注意】 ①must, can(could), may(might),ought to只做情态动词。 ②need,dare既可作情态动词又可作实义动词。 ③shall(should), will(would)既可作情态动词又可作助动词。 ④has/ have/ had to, used to, had better也具有情态动词的特征。 (二)考点精讲解析(使用及注意事项) 考点1 情态动词 (1)can和could 表示水平、可能性、怀疑或推测(限于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)和允许。 【注意】 could用于一般疑问句中比can语气更委婉,属于现在的情况。 如:The radio is pretty loud. Could you please turn it down a bit? (2)may 和might 表示允许、推测(用于肯定句)、请求或规劝和祝愿。 (3)must和have to

①must表示义务或责任、很有把握的推测(用于肯定句)和禁止(mustn’t)。 ②must是说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要。 must只有一般现在时,have to有多种时态形式。 ③must的否定形式:mustn’t表示“不准” ④由must构成的一般疑问句,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to(不必)。 如:—Must we hand in our exercise books now? —No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to. (4)should和ought to ①表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。 ②表示劝告、建议和命令。should和ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。 (5)shall和should ①表示允许或命令(常用于第二、第三人称)。 ②表示征求意见(常用于第一、第三人称的疑问句中)。 (6)will和would 表示意愿或决心、有礼貌的请求、习惯动作和预言。 (7)need 1)作情态动词时,用于否定句和疑问句中,在肯定句中用must,have to, ought to或should。 如:○1—Need I go with her? —Yes, you must./ No, you needn’t. ○2You needn’t worry about it because it’s not your fault. ○3We needn’t do it again, need we? 2)作实义动词时,后接to do,表示与主语的关系是主动的,若与主语的关系是被动的,则接doing或者to be done。 如:○1You don’t need to do it by yourself. ○2The table needs painting./ the table needs to be painted. (8)had better 表示“最好,应该”,后接动词原形,had通常缩写为’d;否定形式是:

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9教案情态动词

授课教案 学员姓名:____ 授课教师:杨老师所授科目:英语 学员年级:上课时间: ________ 年月日时分至时_______________________ 共小时

1)表允许,请求二can

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