新西兰乳业和中国乳业对照

Cow accommodation 牛的住宿 Market 市场 Products P d t 产品
Comparison of NZ dairy industry with China dairy industry
Differences (cont’d)差别
China 中国
Cost structure 成本结构 Land high, capital high, labour low 土地贵，资产高，劳动 力贱 Developing 发展中 Year round 全年性 Many small holders plus modern large scale farms 很多小农 户加上现代化大规模的 农场
New Zealand新西兰
Temperate climate T t li t 温带气候 Mainly p y pasture/ grazing 主要用牧草/放牧 Mainly outdoors 主要在室外 95% export 95%出口 Processed prod cts products (milk solids) 加工产品 （奶固体）
Differences 差别 e e ces
China 中国
Environment 环境 E i t g Feeding 喂养 Continental climate C ti t l li t 大陆气候 y (total Mainly TMR ( mixed ration)主要用 全混合饲料 Mainly indoors (esp. (esp larger units)主要在室 内 （由其是大单位） Domestic 国内 Fresh milk and derivatives 鲜奶和衍 生物/副产品
China 中国 Industry structure 行业结构 Large dairy processors, small holder farmers and large SOE/ private 大乳品加工厂，规模小 的农夫和规模大的国营 企业/私人企业 Cow milk yield Cost/ litre of milk 奶牛产奶量 每公升奶的成本 New Zealand新西兰 Mainly integrated co-operatives, some (new) private ( )p processors 主要是 混合式的合作社，也 有新进的私人加工厂 Total Milk Solids (TMS) / hectare Cost/ kg TMS 每公顷奶固体总产量 每公斤奶固体的成本 每 斤奶固体的成本

Dr Alan B. Pearson Group Chairman 团体主席
Comparison of New Zealand Dairy Industry with China Dairy Industry 新西兰乳业和中国乳业的对照
Comparison of NZ dairy industry with China dairy industry
Industry maturity 行业成熟度 Product cycle 产品周期 Farm size and scale 农场大小与规模
Comparison of NZ dairy industry with China dairy industry
Differences (cont’d)差别 e e ces (co t d)差别
Comparison of NZ dairy industry with China dairy industry
What we can learn from the differences:我们可以从不同点学到什么 • Adapting to different management approaches – skilled compared with unskilled/ semi-skilled labour (how to train and supervise)配合不同的管理途径—从熟练的劳工与不熟练的/半熟练的 劳工比较后才设计培训和监督训练。 劳工比较后才设计培训和监督训练 • Maintaining cow comfort, hygiene and health in intensive housed systems compared with extensive pastoral在室内集中饲养系统中 保持牛的舒适，卫生和健康与广阔放牧饲养系统的对比 • Management systems for pastoral zones 牧场地区的管理系统 • Strategies for young stock and replacements – also consider dairy beef opportunities有计划的准备幼畜和后备母牛——另外考虑 乳业幼公牛成为生产肉牛的机会 • Supporting/ managing year round breeding支持和管理全年性的繁 殖
New Zealand新西兰
Land medium, capital high, labour high 土 地价格中等，资产高， 劳动力贵 Mature 成熟 Mainly seasonal 主要是季节性 Mainly medium sized 300-500 cows, some larger主要是中等规模 300 到500头奶牛的农 场，也有比较大的
“We all breed and milk cows to produce food and We make money”我们是用繁殖牛和挤奶来产生食
物和赚钱
Comparison of NZ dairy industry with China dairy industry 新西兰乳业和中国乳业的对照
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Comparison of NZ dairy industry with China dairy industry
What you will see on this visit:这次访问你能够理解什么 • Some technologies and approaches that may be directly relevant/ useful in China有些技术和途径可能有直接的相关性，或可 以直接引用到中国 • Some technologies and ideas that may be useful to consider but would need adapting to the China situation有些技术和思路可以被 考虑到，但是需要适应中国的国情 • There is a growing trend for NZ farmers and investors to farm overseas (Australia, USA, South America, China), so there is a growing body of knowledge available about adapting NZ approaches to overseas conditions现在有一个趋势是新西兰农夫和 投资者已在海外发展农场（澳大利亚，美国，南美。中国），所以在 新西兰蕴含着丰富的知识，这是把新西兰乳业开发的途径和经验适应 新西兰蕴含着丰富的知识 这是把新西兰乳业开发的途径和经验适应 到海外的条件下
Comparison of NZ dairy industry with China dairy industry
A common challenge – ‘right-sizing’ the herd:一个普通的挑战-“适当
的 牛群大小 的”牛群大小
• Balancing economies of scale with cow adaptation and management challenges of large herds保持经济规模和牛的适应性 和管理的平衡是大牛群的挑战 – Note animal health issues, foot problems, issues with cows not pregnant注：家畜健康问题，脚的问题，牛的不孕问题 Biosecurity and food safety risk management is easier with large modern herds and direct supply of milk to processor, but biosecurity risk management is critical在规模大和现代化的牛群和 直接提供牛奶给加工厂的条件下，生物安全和食品安全的风险管理会 比较低，但是生物安全的管理是关键的。 Consider ‘clustered’ developments考虑”成群性”的发展 C id ‘ l t d’ d l t 考虑”成群性”的发展
About Prime Group有关Prime团体
• • International agri-food sector consultants based in New Zealand and Australia基于新西兰和澳大利亚的国际农业食品部门 顾问 Experience in dairy and meat industries from on-farm processes, through to product processing and marketing具有 乳业和肉类工业从农场加工到产品加工和销售的经验 Active in livestock and agri-foods industry development and supply in NZ, Australia and Asian Region在新西兰，澳大利亚和 亚洲地区我公司很活跃的为家畜行业和农业食品工业的开发和供给 服务 Two year consulting project with MOA China on food testing laboratory modernization 1999-2000 l b t d i ti 1999 2000 获得了中国农业部一个2 获得了中国农业部 个2 年食物现代化实验室检测项目（1999到2000年） Supplier of dairy cattle to China给中国提供奶牛 Currently involved with dairy development projects in Malaysia and India现在在马来西亚和印度涉及到的乳业发展项目
–M Management success f t t factors:管理成功因素 管理成功因素
Breeding繁殖 Feeding饲养 Cow comfort奶牛舒适 Animal health动物的健康 Milk quality and safety牛奶的质量和安全 Cost and efficiency成本和效率
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Comparison of NZ dairy industry with China dairy industry
NZ/China Dairy - ‘Same but different’新西兰与中国的乳 业“一样但是不同” 业“ 样但是不同”

• Similarities相同点
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Key performance indicators 主要成就指标
Comparison of NZ dairy industry with China dairy industry
What we can learn from the similarities:我们可以从相同
点学到什么
Best Practices in最好的模式 • Genetic improvement of cattle (and performance recording)牛的遗传改良（和表现记录） • Least cost/ best outcome feed formulation最低成本/ 最佳成就的饲料配方 • Reproductive technologies:生殖技术 – AI/ET人工受精/胚胎移植 – Semen sexing鉴定精子性别 – Reproductive management生殖管理
Comparison of NZ dairy industry with China dairy industry
What we can learn from the similarities (2): 我们可以从相同点学到什么（2） Best Practices in最好的模式 • Herd health management兽群的健康管理 • Milk harvesting and milk quality management管理奶的收获和奶的质量 • Farm business management农场商业管 理 • Cattle handling牛的处理 g • Calf rearing犊牛的抚养