齿轮加工基础

齿刀
Spur Gear Helical Gear Double Helical Gear
平齿轮
斜齿轮
双斜齿轮
Straight Bevel Gear 直伞齿轮 Spiral Bevel Gear
螺旋伞齿轮
Zerol Gear
弧齿轮
Face Gear
面齿轮
Worm Gear
蜗轮
Double Enveloping Worm Gear
2.相交轴齿轮 ①伞型齿轮（直
2. Intersecting axes Gears 齿，螺旋齿，弧
① Bevel Gear
齿）
Straight, Spiral, Zerol
② Face Gear ②面齿轮）
3. Nonparallel & Nonintersecting
axes Gears 3.非平行、非相交齿轮 ① Worm wheel ①蜗轮，圆柱
exactly owing to π
being an infinite number
φDb
因为π不为一定数，所以齿距无法 精确计算
Center distance =（Da+圆D心b)距/2=（Da+Db)/2
图中每一齿距相同：a1-a2=b1-b2
Each circular pitch a1-a2=b1-b2
驱动A
Drive A
Friction:F
通用互相紧压的圆柱之间的磨擦力，进行旋转运动的传递。
Transmit Rotary motion by friction
between mutually pressed Cylinder.
Pressing force: N
压力：N
Adopting friction between cylinders, slipping
Pitch p=π×m＝π×D／Z
齿距 P=π×m=π×D/Z
Z: No. of Teeth D:Pitch circular Diameter
Z:齿的数量
D：齿距的圆直径。
因此如下引入“模数”这一概念。：
So concept of “module”
was shortened as follow. m＝p／π mm
通过模数大小，从而能够了解该齿轮。
①Specifications of teeth can be calculated ②Strength of tooth is determined ③Application of Gear can be anticipated.
①能计算齿的规格 ②能规定齿的强度 ③能预测出齿轮的用途。
通于带有“齿”的圆柱，实现精确的传 递。（所谓的“齿轮”）
Change to Gear Equal Tooth Pitch
φDa
Gear and Gear cutting Basic
相等的齿距
齿数为整数
No. of Teeth is Integral.
Pitch cannot be calculated
Pitch circular Diameter
D=Z×p／π 齿距的圆直径：
=m×Z
D=Z×p/π =Z×m
通过模数，你能知道些什么
What can you know by module？
Gear and Gear cutting Basic
Gears are identified by module size.
②Constant rotary speed
③一定的传送力矩
③Constant transmitting torque
④简易的制造方式 ⑤制造误差影响不大
④Easy manufacturing
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu
⑤Manufacturing error have little effect
Driven B
齿矩圆直径
Pitch Circle Diameter
齿面鼓形加工：为了 防止由于热处理变 形、组装错误所导 致，齿线方向的接触 不平衡。
倒角：为了防止在处 理中导致划伤。
Tip chamfer
to avoid scratch at handling of gears
Relieving
to remove both end of tooth lead with a straight chamfer
The rotary direction of input shaft and output shaft are the same.
第2档
第1档
５th ４th Clutch ３rd ２nd １st
第5档
第4档
离合
第3档 Reverse
离合
Final gear
末端传动齿轮
Output
shaft 输出轴
第5档 输出轴
４ th ３rd ２nd Clutch １st Reverse Counter shaft ５th Output shaft
Gear and Gear Cutting Basic
输入轴
Input shaft
FR (5-step mission)
Output shaft disconnect from input shaft to dispose on the same axis.
between the cylinders can occur,
利用圆柱间的磨擦力， 引起圆柱间的转动。
①Rotation is not smooth ①旋转不顺畅
②Inconsistent revolution angle ②公周角不一致
磨擦力：F
驱动B
Driven B
①Increase pressing force ①增加压力 ②Increase friction factor ②增加磨擦力
Right Hand（RH), Left Hand（LH)
齿先
RH
LH
Bottom 下部
Right Flank
右齿面
Left Flank
左齿面
LF
RF
Note: Right and Left flank of Tooth vary according to Top or Bottom of Gear 注意：根据齿轮的上，下
Friction F= μ×N 磨擦力：F=μ×N
μ：Coefficient of friction μ：磨擦系数
Ｎ：pressing force
N：压力
Accurate transmission is accomplished by gearing of the cylinder with teeth (called “Gear”)
lead
经修正后的齿形与齿 线
齿线
Root of tooth is relieved during rough cutting.
在粗加工时，齿底被 削掉一部分
Crowning to avoid unbalanced tooth bearing due to distortion in heat treatment and assembling error
Pitch point
齿矩接触点
Involute Curves 渐开线
String curves in spool
Base Circle Diameter
基础圆直径
Involute curve 渐开线
Gear and Gear cutting Basic
如何画渐开线？
How to draw involute curve
形，双包围型
Cylindrical,Double Envelop ② Skew Gear ②交错轴齿轮 ③ Hypoid Gear ③偏轴齿轮
|
Automobile Mission Gear 自动变速箱齿轮
输入轴
Input shaft
Types of mission gear 变速齿轮种类
第4档 第3档 第2档 离合 第1档 倒档 侧轴
齿底
Root
Tooth Profile
齿形
Tip
Top 上部
Tooth Lead
齿线
1) Tooth Profile Tip, Root 2) Tooth Lead Top, Bottom 3) Tooth Flank Right flank(RF), Left flank(LF) 4) Direction of Helix
削端： 用一直倒角削掉齿线 的两端
Drive A
Desirable Gear Tooth profile
Gear and Gear cutting Basic
要保持齿轮旋转的顺畅，必须：
Gears transmit smooth rotation
①Small rotary vibration
①减少旋转的震动 ②一定的旋转速度
m10~：轮船，制铁机械
Diametral Pitch 径节
Gear anｄ Gear cutting Basic
DP=Z／φD（inch）
Dp
=
Z D（ｍｍ）／25.4
=
25.4×Z D（ｍｍ）
=
25.4×Z m×Z
25.4
Diametral pitch (DP) is No of teeth (Z) divided by Pitch Diameter (D:inch)
FF (5 –step mission)
FF（5 速）
FR（5 速）
输出轴与输入轴分开，但被放在同一 条轴线上。 输入轴与输出轴的旋转方面一致。
Planetary gear
AT
旋转运动的传递
Transmitting of Rotary Movement
Gear and Gear cutting Basic
面作为参照，齿的左，右 齿面会相应的转换。
齿形与齿线的修正
Modifications to Tooth Profile and Lead
Gear and Gear cutting Basic
Tooth profile
齿形
Modified Tooth profile Tooth
and Tooth lead
双包围蜗轮
Skew Gear
交错轴齿轮
Hypoid Gear
偏轴齿轮 |
1.平行轴齿轮
1．Parallel axes Gears ① External, Internal,
Spur, Helical,
①外齿，内齿， 平齿，斜齿，双 斜齿。
Double Helical Gear
② Rack (Spur, Helical)②齿刀（平，斜）
齿距 P=π×m
Pitch p=π・m
齿先=m Addendum =m 齿元=m Dedendum =m 顶隙=0.25M Clearance= 0.25m
Tooth height =2.25m
齿高=2.25m
Tooth profile Basic Rack
标准齿形
总的来说，按用途分
Generally, for use m1～m2 ： Motorcycle gear m1~m2:摩托车 m1.5～m3： Automobile car m1.5~m3:汽车 m2～m4 ： Truck, Bus m2~m4:卡车，公交车 m3～m6 ： Industrial machine m3~m6：农用机械 m10～ ： Ship, Ironworks
径节（DP）为：齿数（z）除以齿距圆直 径（D：inch)。
m1
DP=25.4／m
Diametral pitch Dp
12.7
=
25.4 m
12.7 Module ｍ
Dp1 25.4
Gear Terminology
齿轮术语
Gear and Gear cutting Basic
齿形&齿线
Tooth profile & Tooth Lead
GGEEAARR && GGEEAARR MMAANNUUFFAACCTTUURRIINNGG ((BBaassiicc))
MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD. MACHINE TOOL DIVISION
30 September 2007
Gear Applications
Gear and Gear cutting Basic
Gears are a basic part of manufacturing
Types of Gear 齿轮的类型
Gear and Gear cutting Basic
Various kinds of Gears 各种各样的齿轮
Rack (Spur)
1.将一条绳缠绕在一圆柱的圆面上，同时绳子的 2.将缠绕的绳子沿圆柱表面解开，但要保持绳子 一头(图中左手拇指处）固定住，另一头系上一 处于拉直状态，即绳子与圆表面始终相切。 支铅笔。
3.在绳子拉直松开的过程中,绳子的上 铅笔会记录这一端所运动的轨迹.
绳子的另一端
绳子的固定端
Pencil attached to the end of a string as it is wound round a cylinder