托福阅读笔记TPO3：Architecture

托福阅读笔记之TPO3 Architecture

TPO3 Architecture建筑

文章题材：艺术学科——建筑学

文章结构：本文介绍建筑学和建筑的定义，建筑物所需满足的要求及建筑物的功能，以及为了发展材料而产生的重大建筑技术变革。同时还介绍了一些现代建筑的情况。

第一段：给出建筑学定义和建筑的意义。

第二段：建筑物建造所需满足的要求及建筑物的功能。

第三段：为了达到建筑的目的需要满足的条件。

第四段：建筑材料的变革。

第五段：现代建筑三个独立部分的划分。

第五段：石料是古代重要建筑材料，并对拱形结构的意义进行阐述。

常见词汇：

Adobe n.土坯

Plumbing n. 管道装置

grow out of 产生于;因长大而丢弃

instinctive adj. 本能的;直觉的

shelter n. 庇护vt.保护

dramatically adv.戏剧地，引人注目地

feasible adj. 可行的;

Devised v. 设计

withstand vt. 抵挡;禁得起;反抗

compression n. 压缩，浓缩

skeleton n. 骨架;纲要

permanence n. 持久;永久

segment n. 段;部分v. 分割

integral adj.完整的，构成整体必需的

题目设置：

本文中题型的分配是4道词汇题，3道事实信息题，句子插入题、句子简化题、文中总结题等，延续一贯的题目设置。题目难度适中，看文章时注意分清文章结构，在解题时注意找准题干和文章内容的对应。

易错题解析：

Paragraph 4: Even development in architecture has been the result of major technological changes. Materials and methods of construction are integral parts of the design of architecture structures. In earlier times it was necessary to design structural systems suitable for the materials that were available, such as wood, stone, brick. Today technology has progressed to the point where it is possible to invent new building materials to suit the type of structure desired. Enormous changes in materials and techniques of construction within the last few generations have made it possible to enclose space with much greater ease and speed and with a minimum of material. Progress in this area can be measured by the difference in weight between buildings built now and those of comparable size built one hundred years ago.

1. The word “integral” is closet in meaning to?

○Essential

○Variable

○Practical

○Independent

题型：词汇题。答案是(A)

解析：integral意为完整的，构成整体的，原文说建筑材料和建筑方法是建筑什么样的部分，代入选项也知道应该是A必不可少的、基本的，B可变的，C实用的，都不正确，D独立的，虽然意思基本说的通，但明显违反原文，建筑材料和方法应该是互相影响的，不能独立。

易错选项：(B)。

Paragraph 5：█ Modern architectural forms generally have three separate components comparable to elements of the human body; a supporting skeleton or frame, an outer skin enclosing the interior spaces, equipment, similar to the body’s vital organs and systems. █ The equipment includes plumbing, electrical wiring, hot water, and air-conditioning. █Of course in early architecture—such as igloos and adobe structures—there was no such equipment, and the skeleton and skin were often one. █

12.Loo k at the four squares [█] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage

However, some modern architectural designs, such as those using folded plates of concreter or

air-inflated structures, are again unifying skeleton and skin.

Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square to add the sentence to the passage.

题型：句子插入题。答案是(D)

解析：插入句意为“但是一些现代建筑的设计，例如那些运用折叠混凝土板或充气结构的设计，也将骨骼和表皮融为一体”，however和again unifying都说明正确插入点之前必须说把skeleton and skin分开，所以A和B不对，C之后的such equipment指代C之前的内容，过渡紧密，不适合插入句子，所以选项D是正确答案。

易错选项：(B)。